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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arguments
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A set of staements, of which some, the premises, support one, the conclusion.
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Statement
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A sentence that can be true or false.
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Soundness
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A sound srgument is valid w/ every premise true.
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Validity
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An argument is valid, if the conclusion follows w/ certainty from the premise.
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Sound Argument
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1. Valid
2. Every premise is true |
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Unsound Argument
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1. At least onw false premise
2. Invalid |
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Premise Indicators
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Since
Because (of) For the reason being |
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Conclusion Indicators
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Therefore
Hence Thus Inconclusion Thus So |
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Method of Counter Example
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Find an argument of the same form, where the premises are obviously true, and the conclusion is obviously false.
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Cogent
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Strong arguments w/ true premises
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Uncogent
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Invalid arguments that are either:
1. Weak 2. Strong w/ false premise |
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Cold Reading
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1. Fishing for more details
2. Vauge details 3. Selective memory |
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Hot Reading
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Gathered info. ahead of time.
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Excesive Verbiage:
1. Discount |
Like a premise but it seems to argue against the conclusion indicators. Although, Yes____ but, even though, despite the fact that, I realize_____...
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Excesive Verbiage:
2. Repitition |
Not need if valid, valid.
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Excesive Verbiage:
3. Assurance |
Statement, word phrase that indicates that the author is confident w/ the premise. Indicators: Certainly, clearly, It is a fact that...
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Excesive Verbiage:
4. Hedge |
Statement, word, phrase that indicates the author is tentative about a premise.
Indicators: In my opinion, I believe that, I guess that... |
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Heuristic
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Rule of thumb or mental shortcut that usually, but not always gives us the right answer.
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Statement
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Sentence which is either true or false.
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Unsound
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Argument that is either invalid or has a false premise
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Deductive Logic
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The part of logic which is concerned w/ test for validity & invalidity.
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Weak
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It is probable that the premises are true then the conclusion is true.
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Sound
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A valid argument w/ all premises true.
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Inductive Logic
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The part of logic which is concerned w/ test for strength & weakness.
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Entihymeme
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An argument w/ a surpressed conclusion of premise.
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Logic
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The study of methods testing whatever the premise of an argument supports that conclusion.
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Argument
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A set of statements one of which called conclusion, is offirmed on the basis of the others.
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Term
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Word or phrase that can be subject to the sentence.
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Extension of Term
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The set of all things described by the term.
Extension of "my car" is Coupe |
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Intension of a Term
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The property that a term must have to be included in the extension of a term.
Intension of "my car" having the properties of Honda Accord Coupe 04 |
