Phil English

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free verse

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poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical. the poetry of Walt Whitman is perhaps the best known examble of free verse.

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Beroic couplet

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Two end-stopped iambic pentameter liens rhymed aa, bb, cc witht the thought usually completed in the two-line unit.

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Iamb

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A two-syllable foot with an unacednted syllable followed by an accented syllable. The iamb is th emost common foot in Enlgish poetry.

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internal rhyme

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rhyme that occurse within a line, rather than at the end.

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onomatopoeia

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the use of words whose sound suggests their meaning. Examples are "buzz," "hiss," or "honk."

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pentameter

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a line containing five feet. the iambic pentameter is the most common line in English verse written before 1950

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rhyme royal

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a seve-line stanza of iambic pentameter rhymed ababbcc, used by chaucer and other medieval poets.

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sonnet

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nomrally a fourteen-line iambic pentameter poem. the conventional Italian or Petrachan, sonnet is rhymed abba, abba, cde, cde; the English, or Shakespearean, sonnet is rhymed abab, cdcd, efef, gg

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stanza

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usually a repeated grouping of three or more lines with the same meter and rhyme scheme.

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tetrameter

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a line of four feet.

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allegory

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A story in which people, things, and events have another meaning.

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ambiguity

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multiple meanings a literary work may communicate, especially two meanings that are incompatible.

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apostrophe

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direct address, usually to someone or something that is not present.

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connotation

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the implications of a word or phrase, as opposed to its exact meaning (denotation).

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convention

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A device of style or subject matter so often used thast it becomes a recognized means of expression.

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denotation

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the dictionary meaning of a word, as opposed to connotation

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metonomy

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firgure of speech in which an idea is evolved or named by a means of a term designing some associated notion

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didatctic

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emplicitly instrucitve. a didactic poem or novel may be good or bad

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digression

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the use o fmaterial unrelated ot the subject of a work.

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epigram

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a pithy saying, often using contrast. the epigram is also a verse from, usually brief and pointed

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euphemism

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a figure of speech using indirection to avoid offensive bluntness,such as deceased for dead or remains for corpse

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grotesque

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chracterized by distortions of incongruities

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hyperbole

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deliberate exxageration, overstatement

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jargon

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the special language of a profession or group

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literal

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not figureatve

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lyrical

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Songlike

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oxymoron

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a combination of opposites: the union of contradictatory terms.

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parable

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a story designed to suggest a principle, illustrate a moral, or answer a question.

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paradox

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a statement that seems to be self-contradiction but, in fact, is true

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parody

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a composition that imitates the style of another composition normally for comic effect.

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personification

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a figurative use of language which endows the nonhuman (ideas, inanimate objects, animals, abstractions) with huan charactersitics.

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reliability

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a quality of some fictioanl narrators whose word the reader can trust

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rhetorical question

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a question asked for effect, not in expectation of a reply. No reply is expected because the question presupposes only one possibel answer.

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soliloquy

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a speech in which a character who is alone speaks his or her thoughts aloud. a monologue also has a single speaker, but the monologuist speaks to others who do not interrupt.

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stereotype

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a conventional pattern, expression, character, or idea.

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syllogism

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a form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them.

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thesis

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the theme, meaning or position that a writer undertakes to prove or support

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alliteration

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the repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds, normally at the beginning of words.

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assonance

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the repition of identical or simlar vowel sounds

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ballad meter

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a four-line stanza rhymed abcb with four feet in lines one and three and three feet in lines two and four.

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blank verse

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unrhymed iambic pentameter.