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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Categorical Imperative
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Kant's a priori principle - Act in such a way that your action could be willed to be a universal law
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Platonic Forms
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Plato's realm of ideas, which are eternal. Forms are thought of not in terms of ownership, but in terms of interaction and mutual benefit.
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Deontology
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The deontological approach deals with the act in and of itself, ethical or not - the rightness or wrongness of an act is inherent within the act itself.
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Teleology
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A view that everything is done for the sake of a purpose.
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Act
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Something that requires will, based out of habit.
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Habit
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Aristotle - Habits shape inner character, they form who you are and they shape disposition (natural inclinations), and they are necessary to flourish through virtuous activity.
Aquinas - Habit is principally related to the will, and it involves choice. |
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Aristotle's Mean
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The mid-point between two extremes - excess and deficiency (in terms of virtue).
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A posteriori
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Knowledge which is derived from experience (post experience).
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Intrinsic
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Something inherent within us as persons, naturally belonging. Something that is good when we have an innate disposition for it.
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Community
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Defined by Aristotle as a moral community, intrinsically sociable human beings. Defined by Mill as an aggregate of persons (more concerned with the actual number).
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Engrossment
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According to Nel Noddings - the nature of caring - non-selective attention, or total presence with the other.
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Divinely infused virtue
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According to Thomas Aquinas - Divinely infused virtue can be given by God, and it brings you the ability to accomplish the end which it outside your own nature, but it doesn't happen without your consent.
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Duty
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Something that is expected from moral obligation. According to Kant, the "categorical imperative" is our duty, which is derived from reason/ According to Mill, it is our duty to fulfill pleasure.
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Utilitarianism
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Seen by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill as a tool to reform public policy in the political, public, and legal realms. They felt that social practices should be evaluated for the consequences of human happiness, not based on custom or moral law.
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Act Utilitarianism
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A principle based on the affirmation that whatever makes the biggest number happy is the result of a "right" act because it has produced the greatest total net happiness.
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Rule Utilitarianism
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The idea that an act is wrong if and only if it is contrary to a possible rule, such that were society to have a practice of enforcing that rule, and this practice would maximize overall net happiness.
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Telos
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A goal that is built in to who and what you are.
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A priori
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Knowledge which does not come from experience (prior to experience), a conceptual truth. Kant's categorical imperative is an a priori principle.
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Fallacy
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An error in reason.
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Extrinsic
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When the basis of value lies in relationship to another.
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Eudaimonia
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Aristotle's idea of the human telos - A sense of happiness, wholeness, and well-being. It is behaving and faring well in life, and includes the emotional aspect. Intrinsic to human beings, the sense of eudaimonia is the "good life"
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Hypothetical Imperative
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Essentially states that a person must adopt the means to an end or abandon that end.
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