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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is philosophy?
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Philos - intense friendship love
Sophios - wisdom Love of wisdom The basic way in which one views life, a world-view, a mind-set, the vision one has |
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What is ethics?
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Comes from Greek "ethos"
The culture and mores of society that determine the moral standards of a society. The moral codes by which people live. |
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Socrates
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The Father of Moral Philosphy. His thinking ushered in the Greek Golden AGe. Concerned with moral goodness and how people aught to live. Believed knowledge led to virtue. "Know thyself"
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Plato
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Father of Idealism. Wrote The Republic in which he separated the world of ideas from the world of matter. "Doctrine of Reminiscence"
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Aristotle
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Father of Realism. Believed that ideas and thought could not exist apart from matter. Came up with The Prime Mover. Saw universe moving toward a prescribed end. Wrote Nicomachean Ethics which is still a leading work on Ethics.
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Augustine
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Philosopher-Theologian that wrote Confessions. Is a doctor of the Roman Catholic Church. Subjected reason to faith.
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Thomas Aquinas
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Founder of Thomism. Believed that faith was the bride and reason was the bridesmaid. Wrote Summa Theologica which combined natural law, Aristotellianism, and Christianity. Believed God created matter out of nothing.
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Rene Descartes
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17th century. Set out to prove the existence of God in The Discourse on Method and Meditations on the First Philosophy. In this he came to doubt all things. Discovered he could not doubt he was thinking "I think therefore I am"
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Immanuel Kant
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18th Century. Gave us the deontological principles, one of the great ethical standards. Greek word dentos means duty or that which is right to do.
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John Locke
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17th Century. Realist Philosopher. "Tabula Rasa" at birt the mind is a blank slate on which ideas are implanted.
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Siddhartha Gotama (Buddha)
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6th Century BC. The Enlightened One. The way to maturity and completeness is through suffering.
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Muhammed
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6th Century A.D. - Religion of Islam. Holy book is Koran.
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Jesus Christ
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Founded Christianity. Is a central figure of the human race.
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Ethics Defined
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Comes from Greek word ethos meaning mores or customs of the day. Concerned with moral judgments involves in moral decisions.
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Descriptive Ethics (Individual Ethics)
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Refers to the beliefs and values that guide behavior
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Marketplace Ethics
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Refers to the customs, attitudes, and values that operate within business.
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Normative Ethics (Societal Ethics)
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Evaluated customs and practices by appealing to a standard or norm. This type of ethics prescribes what we should believe or value.
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Why be ethics?
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Ethics give meaning to life.
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Viktor Frankl
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Prisoner of war during World War II. Studied those who survived - they had a cause to give themselves to which gave them meaning in life.
Secret of human existence is found in meaning. The modern human existence is one of inescapable anxiety. We must have an ethical base in order to have meaning. |
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Three reasons why mankind is anxious
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Ontological anxiety because of human mortality. Mankind is anxious because of his finiteness and his limited life on earth
Anxiety from guilt - mankind is anxious because he has transgressed the moral law. Mankind is anxious because he is afloat, rudderless in a sea of meaningless. |
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Two types of ethical dilemmas
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The external effects dilemma and the internal effects dilemma
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External Effects Dilemma
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Interaction between businesses and individuals and groups outside those businesses.
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Internal Effects Dilemma
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Internal conflicts between management and employees
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