Phi

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An informal fallacy in which two or more meanings of the same word or pjrase have been confused

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Equivocation

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An informal fallacy arising from the loose awkard or mistake way in which words are combined, leading to alternative possible meanings of a statement

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Amphibloy

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An informal fallacy committed when a term or phrase has a meaning in the conclusion of an argument differnt from its meaning in one of the premises the differnce arisisng chiefly from a change in emphasis given to the words used

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Accent

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An informal fallacy in which an inference is mistakenly dran from the attributes of the parts of a whole to the attributes of the itself

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Composition

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An informal fallacy is which mistaken inference is drawn from the attributes of a whole to the attibutes of the parts of the whole

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Divison

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An informal fallacy in which generalization is applied to individual cases that id does not govern

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Accident

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An informal fallacy in which a question is asked in such a way as to presupose the thruth of some propostion buried in the question

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Complex question

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An informal fallacy in which the conclusion of an argument is stated or assumed in one of the premises

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Begging the Question

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An informal fallacy in which the appeal to authority is illegitimate because the quthority appealed to has no special claim to expertise on the matter in question

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Appeal to Authority

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An informal fallacy in which a conclusion is upported by an illegitimate appeal to ingnorance as when it is upposed that something is likely to be true because we cannot prove that it is false

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Appeal to Ignorance

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An informal fallacy in which the mistake arises from accepting as the cause of an event what is not really its cause

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false cause

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An informal fallacy in which a principle that is true of a partiuclar cases is applied carelessly or deliberately to the great run of cases

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Hasty Generalization

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An informal fallacy committed when the support offered for some conclsion is an inappropriate appeal to the emotions-patriotism,pity, or the like of th listererns

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Appeal to Emotion

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An informal fallacy ccommitted when some distraction i used to mislead and confuse

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Red Herring

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An informal fallacy committed when the postion of ones opponent is misrepresented and that distorted postion is made the object of attack

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Straw Man

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An informal fallacy committed when rather the attacking the substance of some postion one attacks the person of its advocate either abusively or as consequence of his or her special circumstances

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Ad Hominem or attack the person

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An informal fallacy committted when force or the threat of force is relied on to win consent

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Appeal to Force

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An informal fallacy committed when one refuses not the thesis one interlocutor is advancing but some differnt thesis that one mistakenly imputes to him or her

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Missing the point