Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
|
-Bring O2 from the cells
-Bring fuel to cells (glucose from liver to brain) -Bring nutrients into body (from intestine to liver, fat) -Removal of waste products (CO2 to lungs; ammonia to liver -> urea -> kidneys) -Circulation of hormones (adrenaline from adrenal glands to skeletal muscles) -Circulation of immune cells and antibodies -Regulation of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl- ... exercise) -Regulation of pH (lungs, kidney) -H2O balance, osmoregulation (exercise, over-hydration) -Thermoregulation (exercise, hypothermia) => Transport <= |
|
Does an moeba need a cardiovascular (CV) system?
|
No
uses pseudopods uses diffusion to get O2 and get rid of CO2 |
|
What type of organisms need a CV?
|
Large, multicellular organisms
-> Diffusion can't work on larger organisms |
|
What is diffusion?
|
The spontaneous movement of particles caused by randomn thermal motion
|
|
How is O2 brought into the body?
|
-1st convection to get O2 to the alveoli
-Then diffusion -Then CV system to get O to the rest of the body |
|
What happens to O2 in the alveolus?
|
O2 can diffuse from [high] to [low]
O2 will go from the alveoli to the RBC P(O2) is low in the mito -> O2 will go across the plasma in blood vessels, ISF, cell mb, mito mb > mito |
|
What happens to CO2?
|
Reverse diffusion
Diffusin out, convection to the lungs, diffusion into capillaries, convection out of the body |
|
What is Fick's Law of Diffusion?
|
What the flow will be due to the concentration
Flux= Flow/area Flux= Diffusion constant x concentration/distance |
|
What is the equation for flow?
|
Flow = D (A/d) (Cout- Cin)
(Flow = Flux x area) |
|
What happens if the x-sectional area of an organ increase?
|
Flow increases
|
|
Which can diffuse more easily in water: CO2 or O2?
|
CO2 (by 20 fold)
|
|
What is the pump of the CV? The pipes? The fluid?
|
Pump: Heart
Pipes: Vessels Fluid: Blood |
|
What kind of blood circulation do insects have?
|
Open circulation
Single, long blood vessel ->not really blood, hemolymph, goes around the body and reenters the heart chamber |
|
What kind of crculation do piscine have?
|
Closed circulation
-> Single loop circulation -> 2 Chambers ( 1 atrium, 1 ventricle) A pumps blood to V V pumps blood to gills Oxygenate in gills Blood from gills go straight into the body, 1 tube |
|
What kind of circulations od amphibians and reptiles have?
|
Closed circulation
-> Double loop circulation -> 3 chambers (2 atria, 1 ventricle) When ventricle contracts, supplies entire body with oxygenated blood LA: gerts blood from lungs RA: Gets de-O2 bllod from the body |
|
What kind of circulations do avain and mammalian species have?
|
Closed circulation
-> Double loop circulation -> 4 chambers (2 A, 2 V) LA: get O2 blood from the lungs RA: Gets de-O2 blood from the rest of the body |
|
What is the right side of teh heart for?
|
Pulmonary/pulmonic circulation
(Oxygenate the blood) |
|
What is the left side of the heart for?
|
Systemic circulations
-> Pumps oxygenated blood to all of the body except the lungs |
|
How are the major organs and arteries arranged in the body?
|
In series and parallel
Lungs in series with the aorta Major organs // to each other |
|
What percent of the blood is in the arteries? The veins/venules?
|
Arteries: ~11%
Arterioles and caps: ~7% Veins/venules: ~60% |
|
What is pressure?
|
Flow/area that makes the blood move
|
|
What is flow?
|
Movement of a substance
Volume/time |