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22 Cards in this Set

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What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
-Bring O2 from the cells
-Bring fuel to cells (glucose from liver to brain)
-Bring nutrients into body (from intestine to liver, fat)
-Removal of waste products (CO2 to lungs; ammonia to liver -> urea -> kidneys)
-Circulation of hormones (adrenaline from adrenal glands to skeletal muscles)
-Circulation of immune cells and antibodies
-Regulation of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl- ... exercise)
-Regulation of pH (lungs, kidney)
-H2O balance, osmoregulation (exercise, over-hydration)
-Thermoregulation (exercise, hypothermia)
=> Transport <=
Does an moeba need a cardiovascular (CV) system?
No
uses pseudopods
uses diffusion to get O2 and get rid of CO2
What type of organisms need a CV?
Large, multicellular organisms
-> Diffusion can't work on larger organisms
What is diffusion?
The spontaneous movement of particles caused by randomn thermal motion
How is O2 brought into the body?
-1st convection to get O2 to the alveoli
-Then diffusion
-Then CV system to get O to the rest of the body
What happens to O2 in the alveolus?
O2 can diffuse from [high] to [low]
O2 will go from the alveoli to the RBC
P(O2) is low in the mito
-> O2 will go across the plasma in blood vessels, ISF, cell mb, mito mb > mito
What happens to CO2?
Reverse diffusion
Diffusin out, convection to the lungs, diffusion into capillaries, convection out of the body
What is Fick's Law of Diffusion?
What the flow will be due to the concentration

Flux= Flow/area

Flux= Diffusion constant x concentration/distance
What is the equation for flow?
Flow = D (A/d) (Cout- Cin)

(Flow = Flux x area)
What happens if the x-sectional area of an organ increase?
Flow increases
Which can diffuse more easily in water: CO2 or O2?
CO2 (by 20 fold)
What is the pump of the CV? The pipes? The fluid?
Pump: Heart
Pipes: Vessels
Fluid: Blood
What kind of blood circulation do insects have?
Open circulation
Single, long blood vessel
->not really blood, hemolymph, goes around the body and reenters the heart chamber
What kind of crculation do piscine have?
Closed circulation
-> Single loop circulation
-> 2 Chambers ( 1 atrium, 1 ventricle)
A pumps blood to V
V pumps blood to gills
Oxygenate in gills
Blood from gills go straight into the body, 1 tube
What kind of circulations od amphibians and reptiles have?
Closed circulation
-> Double loop circulation
-> 3 chambers (2 atria, 1 ventricle)
When ventricle contracts, supplies entire body with oxygenated blood
LA: gerts blood from lungs
RA: Gets de-O2 bllod from the body
What kind of circulations do avain and mammalian species have?
Closed circulation
-> Double loop circulation
-> 4 chambers (2 A, 2 V)
LA: get O2 blood from the lungs
RA: Gets de-O2 blood from the rest of the body
What is the right side of teh heart for?
Pulmonary/pulmonic circulation
(Oxygenate the blood)
What is the left side of the heart for?
Systemic circulations
-> Pumps oxygenated blood to all of the body except the lungs
How are the major organs and arteries arranged in the body?
In series and parallel
Lungs in series with the aorta
Major organs // to each other
What percent of the blood is in the arteries? The veins/venules?
Arteries: ~11%
Arterioles and caps: ~7%
Veins/venules: ~60%
What is pressure?
Flow/area that makes the blood move
What is flow?
Movement of a substance
Volume/time