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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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*phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrazoline
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alpha 1 agonists used for ophthalmic hyperemia, nasal congestion, and hypotension (p) +vasoconstriction +mydriasis(topical)
side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, headache, insomnia, nervousness, rebound nasal congestion contraindications: narrow angle glaucoma, severe hypertension or tachycardia (IV p) |
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methoxamine
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alpha 1 agonist used for hypotension and shock
side effects: bradycardia (vagal reflex), ventricular ectopic beat, hypertension, vasoconstriction, nausea, headache, anxiety contraindications: severe hypertension |
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clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine, methyldopa
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Alpha 2 agonist used for hypertension, opioid withdrawal (c), cancer pain (c)
side effect: *decreases sympathetic outflow*, bradycardia, heart failure, hepatotoxicity (m), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (m), hypotension, constipation, xerostomia, sedation, dizziness contraindications: MAO inhibitor therapy and active liver disease (m) |
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Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible), phentolamine (reversible) **Both nonselective**
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alpha antagonists used for pheochromocytoma associated hypertension and sweating
side effects: seizure, postural hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, xerostomia, sedation, miosis, absence of ejaculation contraindications: severe hypotension, coronary artery disease |
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prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, (tamaulosin)
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alpha antagonist used for hypertension, BPH
side effects: pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, systemic lupus erythematosus, marked first dose postural hypotension, palpitations, dyspepsia, dizziness, sedation, increased urinary frequency, nasal congestion contraindications: hypersensitivity (less postural hypotension than p-------) |
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yohimbine
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alpha antagonist used for organic an psychogenic impotence (&postural hypotension)
side effects: bronchospasm, nervousness, tremor, anxiety, agitation, increased blood pressure, antidiuretics contraindications: chronic inflammation of sexual organs or prostate, concurrent use with mood altering drugs, gastric and duodenal ulcers, pregnancy, psychiatric patients, renal and liver disease |
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isoproterenol
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beta agonist used for emergency treatment of arrhythmias, atropine resistant hemodynamically significant bradycardia, heart block and shock, bronchospasm
side effects: arrhythmias including Vfib, cerebral hemorrhage, severe hypertension??, headache, nervousness, tremor, hypertension??, palpitations, tachycardia ** Its inotropic and chronotropic effects elevate systolic blood pressure, while its vasodilatory effects tend to lower diastolic blood pressure. contraindications: tachycardia caused by digitalis intoxication, angina pectoris |
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dobutamine
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Beta agonist used in short term treatment of cardiac decompensation secondary to depressed contractility (acute heart failure/dysarrithmias)
side effects: bradycardia, asthma attack, widening of QRS complex, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia contraindications: idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis |
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Metaproterenol, terbutaline, albuterol, salmeterol
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beta agonists (B2) used for asthma and COPD; salmeterol is long lasting
side effects: dizziness, headache, tremor, restlessness contraindication: hypersensitivity |
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esmolol, metoprolol, atenolol, celiprolol, (sotolol?)
NONSELECTIVE: pindolol, acebutolol [NONSELECTIVE: propanolol, nadolol, timolol] |
beta antagonists used for hypertension, angina, heart failure, thyroid storm (e), arrhythmia, glaucoma, migrane
side effects: AV block, bradyarrhythmia, sedation, decreased libido, mask symptoms of hypoglycemia, depression, dyspnea, wheezing [mask symptoms of hypoglycemia] contraindications: bronchial asthma or COPD, cardiogenic shock, uncompensated cardiac failure, second and third degree AV block, severe sinus bradycardia less bronchospasm then propolol |
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NONSELEVTIVE: labetalol and carvedilol
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beta antagonists used for hypertension and angina; *congestive heart failure (CHF)*
side effects: bronchospasm, AV block, bradyarrhythmia, sedation, decreased libido, mask symptoms of hypoglycemia, depression, dyspnea, wheezing, hepatotoxicity (l) contraindications: bronchial asthma or COPD, cardiogenic shock, uncompensated cardiac failure, second and third degree AV block, severe sinus bradycardia |
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phenelzine, iproniazid, tranylcypromine, clorgyline, brofaromine, befloxatone, moclobemide, [selegiline]
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MAOI used for depression; [for parkinsons]
side effects: systemic tyramine toxicity, fever (increased muscle tone), leukopenia, hepatic failure, drug induced lupus, worsening depression, dizziness, somnolence, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, increased liver amino transferase level, orgasm disorder contraindications: use sympathomimetic, bupropion, buspirone, guanethidine, serotonergic, methyldopa, L-dopa, L-tyroptophan, L-tyrosine, phenylalanine, CNS depressants, narcotics, dextromethorphan, excessive chocolate/caffeine, foods with high tyramine; liver disease, pheochromocytoma, heart failure, general anesthesia, local anesthesia with vasoconstrictors |
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cocaine
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inhibitor of catecholamine reuptake used for mucosal and opthalmic local anesthetic and for diagnosis of Horner's syndrome pupil
side effects: accelerates coronary atherosclerosis, tachycardia, seizure, CNS depression or excitation, anxiety, addiction contraindication: hyperensitivity |
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Amitiptyline, Imipramine [desipramine, nortriptyline]
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inhibitor of catecholamine reuptake used for depression, pain syndromes, nocturnal enuresis (i)
side effects: heart block, cardiac arrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension, MI, agranulocytosis, jaundice, seizure, worsening of depression, bloating, constipation, xerostomia, dizziness, somnolence/sedation, blurred vision, urinary retention contraindications: MAOI, cardiac conduction system defects, MI recovery |
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alpha methyltyrosine (metyrosine)
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inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis; treats pheochomocytoma associated hypertension
side effects: orthostatic hypotension, sedation (inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase) contraindications: hypersensitivity used rarely |
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reserpine
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inhibitor of catecholamine vesicular uptake storage [adrenergic neuron blocker] used for hypertension
side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, GI hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, dream anxiety disorder, impotence, psychotic *depression, dizziness, nasal congestion, *sedation contraindicated: active GI disease, depression, electroshock therapy, renal failure |
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*Guanethidine and Guanadrel
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inhibitors of catecholamine storage (inhibits NE release) used for hypertension
side effects: kidney disease, apnea, orthostatic hypotension, fluid retention, dizziness, blurred vision, impotence contraindication: MAOI therapy, heart failure, pheochromocytoma |
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*Amphetamine and Methylphenidate
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inhibitor of catecholamine storage (indirect acting sympathomimetic) used for ADHD and narcolepsy
side effects: hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, Gille de la Tourett's syndrome, seizure, psychotic disorder with prolonged use, *restlessness, dysphoric mood, *rebound fatigue, *addiction potential, loss of appetite, irritability, ED contraindicated: advanced cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, MAOI therapy, severe hypertension |
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Pseudoephedrine, [ephedrine]
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inhibitor of catecholamine storage (indirect acting sympathomimetic) used for allergic rhinitis and OTC nasal congestion; for vasoconstriction
side effects: Afib, ventricular premature beats, myocardial ischemia, hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, rebound congestion, insomnia contraindicated: advanced cardiovascular disease, MAOI therapy, severe hypertension |
