Phase I Exam Ii

Front 1

Tactical Tenets

Back 1

• Achieving a decision.
• Gaining an advantage.
• Being faster.
• Adapting.
• Cooperating.
• Exploiting success and finishing.

Front 2

Nine Principals of War

Back 2

MOOSEMUSS

- Mass
- Objective
- Offensive
- Security
- Economy of Force
- Maneuver
- Unity of Command
- Surprise
- Simplicity

Front 3

Art of Tactics

Back 3

How we creatively form and apply military force

Front 4

Science of Tactics

Back 4

The technical application of military power

Front 5

Mass
(Principals of War)

Back 5

concentrating the effects of combat power at the decisive place and time to achieve decisive results

Front 6

Objective
(Principals of War)

Back 6

direct[ing] every military operation toward a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective.”

Front 7

Offensive
(Principals of War)

Back 7

seiz[ing], retain[ing], and exploit[ing] the initiative.

Front 8

Security
(Principals of War)

Back 8

never permit[ing] the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage.”

Front 9

Economy of Force
(Principals of War)

Back 9

allocat[ing] minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts.”

Front 10

Maneuver
(Principals of War)

Back 10

- place the enemy in a disadvantageous position through the flexible application of combat power.

- taking action to generate and exploit some kind of advantage over the enemy as a means of accomplishing our objectives as effectively as possible.

Front 11

Unity of Command
(Principals of War)

Back 11

for every objective, [we] ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander.”

Front 12

Surprise
(Principals of War)

Back 12

strike the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which he is unprepared.”

Front 13

Simplicity
(Principals of War)

Back 13

Clear, uncomplicated plans and clear, concise orders ensures thorough understanding and ease of execution

Front 14

Understand the situation (Achieving a Decision)

Back 14

- This is the first step
- what is happening, how it is happening, how it might further develop

Front 15

METT-TC

Back 15

1. Mission
2. Enemy
3. Terrain and weather
4. Troops and Fire Support available
5. Time and Civil considerations

Front 16

Analytical Decision Making (Achieving a Decision)

Back 16

- most comprehensive and accurate type
- Time available allows for detailed review of the situation and comparison of multiple options

Front 17

Intuitive Decision Making (Achieving a Decision)

Back 17

- Pattern recognition
- the ability to understand the significance and dynamics of a situation with very little information

- Building a complete picture with little information

Front 18

Characteristics of Marine Corps Communication

Back 18

- Flexibility
- Reliability
- Security
- COMSEC
- Frequency Hopping
- Speed
- Survivability
- Interoperability

Front 19

Types of Communication

Back 19

- Messenger [most secure]
- Wire (telephone)
- Sound (drums, buglers)
- Visual (hand + arm signals)
- Radio [least secure]
- Data [variable security]

Front 20

Radio Waves

Back 20

Energy in the form of electromagnetic waves that propagate through space at the speed of light.

Front 21

Frequency

Back 21

Measured in the number of waves generated (cycles) per second. One cycle per second is one hertz (Hz). At the infantry battalion level, the radios operate on frequencies in the megahertz (MHz) (millions of cycles per second) range.

Front 22

Wavelength

Back 22

The spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats

The longer wavelength (lower frequency) allows the wave to bend around and over larger obstacles, such as hills or buildings. As the wavelength shortens (increase in frequency), the waves ability to bend around obstacles decreases.

Front 23

Ground Wave

Back 23

Travel from the transmitting antenna along the surface of the earth.
- Affected by dense vegetation, man-made features, and severe weather.
- 40 km max

Front 24

Sky Wave

Back 24

Travel up into the atmosphere and continues to bounce off the ionosphere (upper region of atmosphere) and earth surface IOT travel around the earth.
- Only low freq between 2-12 MHz.
- Produce skip zones, or areas where the signal does not return back to the earth.

Front 25

The three frequency spectrum's of an Infantry Battalion.

Back 25

HF/VHF/UHF

Front 26

High frequency (HF)

Back 26

2 to 29.999 MHz

Front 27

Very high frequency Low band (VHF Low)

Back 27

30 to 89.999 MHz
-SINCGARS
-Most widely used in infantry Bn
-40 km range (slightly beyond LOS)

Front 28

Very high frequency High band (VHF High)

Back 28

90 to 224.999 MHz

Front 29

Ultra high frequency LOS/SATCOM (UHF)

Back 29

225 to 511.999 MHz
- ground to air or air to ground
- STRICTLY LOS

Front 30

SINCGARS

Back 30

Primary MAGTF VHF radio is the Single Channel Ground Air Radio System (SINCGARS).

SINCGARS is a family of lightweight combat radios that serves as the primary means of communications for command, control, and fire support on the battlefield. The system provides high security against enemy electronic warfare by using frequency-hopping capability with integrated communications security (COMSEC).

Front 31

Frequency Hopping

Back 31

Transmission technique that changes the frequency of a radio channel automatically at a pseudo-random rate common to both to the transmitter and receiver.

Front 32

Five variables required to frequency hop

Back 32

- Hopset
- Transmission Security Key (TSK)
- Transmission Encryption Key (TEK)
- Time
- Net Identifier (Net ID)

** Net ID and Time entered manually at TBS **

Front 33

Hopset

Back 33

The VHF frequencies that SINCGARS will hop through in frequency hopping mode.

Front 34

Transmission Security Key (TSK)

Back 34

The sequence in which the radio will hop within a HOPSET. It does not encrypt the signal or transmission.

Front 35

Transmission Encryption Key (TEK)

Back 35

Encrypts and decrypts the operator’s voice during the radio transmission.

Front 36

Time

Back 36

Both Julian date and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) must be entered. GMT is also known as “Zulu time.” SINCGARS radios can tolerate +/– 4 seconds between radios and remain in sync with each other.

Front 37

Net identifier (Net ID)

Back 37

Three-digit numeric code that determines where a specific frequency-hopping (FH) circuit begins frequency-hopping. The radio operator enters it, and it will correspond to a specific frequency within the hop set.

Front 38

AN/PRC-119

Back 38

Alpha - vehicle
Foxtrot - person

Low: 200m-400m
Med: 400m-5km
High: 5km-10km

Front 39

AN/PRC-117

Back 39

-VHF, UHF, SATCOM
-manpack or mobile
-Compatibale with all SINGARS

Low: 200m-400m
Med: 400m-5km
High: 5km-10km

Front 40

AN/MRC-145

Back 40

Vehicle with mounted dual long range radio system used for command + control and retransmission:
(2) AN/PRC-119A
(2) power amps

Front 41

AN/PRC-150 (HF)

Back 41

-long range
-vehicle version is MRC-148

Front 42

AN/PRC-152

Back 42

Single Chanel Multi-Band
Low: 200m-400m
Med: 400m-5km
High: 5km-7km (PRC 152 and 148 max range of 5km-7km unless amplified in a vehicular configuration)

SL3: Receiver/transmitter, recharable battery, UHF whip antenna (>108 MHz), 3' blade (VHF), A-bag, pouch, and handset.

Front 43

AN/VRC-110

Back 43

• Vehicle-mounted, dual configuration set offering two power amplifiers (20 or 50 watt) for each radio.
• Consists of two handheld AN/PRC 152’s mounted (radios can be removed from mount and utilized for inter-team communications).
• Used for VHF, UHF and UHF SATCOM long range voice and data communications.
• This vehicle configuration is currently being fielded to the fleet Marine force to replace the VRC 88-92 systems along with the MRC 145 configuration.
- Capable of 12 miles LOS and retransmission

Front 44

WD-1

Back 44

"Slash-wire"
- 2 insulated, 4 copper, 3 steel
- 48lbs/mi

Front 45

Direction (Navigation: Direction)

Back 45

position of one point in relation to another point

Front 46

True North

Back 46

- Point on earth where lines of longitude converge (North Pole)

- True North is not used in order to find direction when doing basic land navigation

Front 47

Magnetic North

Back 47

- Lensatic Compass always points to magnetic north

- Used to navigate in the FIELD

Front 48

Grid North

Back 48

- Parallel lines on the map

- Do not converge at North Pole

Front 49

Declination

Back 49

Angular difference between TRUE north and GRID north or magnetic north

- ALWAYS measured from true north

Front 50

Magnetic Declination

Back 50

-Measures from true north to magnetic north
-Can be east or west
- usually measured in Degrees

Front 51

Grid Declination

Back 51

Measured from True North to Grid North
- Can be east or west
- usually measured in Degrees

Front 52

Azimuths

Back 52

A horizontal Angle measured clockwise from a base line (from any of the three base lines: true, magnetic, or grid north)

Front 53

Determining a Grid Azimuth

Back 53

1. Determine Start Point and Objective
2. Draw a line between the two points
3. Put protractor on map with correct orientation
4. Read grid azimuth from degree scale on protector

Front 54

Back Azimuth

Back 54

LAMS

Less 180 add, More 180 subtract

Front 55

LARS (Left Add Right Subtract)

Back 55

- Used when going from a known azimuth to the unknown azimuth

Front 56

Terrain Profile

Back 56

an exaggerated side view of a portion of the earth's surface along a line between two points

Front 57

Military Applications for Terrain Profile

Back 57

- Determining effective fields of fire