Pharynx And Larynx

Front 1

Pharynx

Back 1

Upper part of the digestive and respirator tract

Three parts:

(1) Nasopharynx
(2) Oropharynx
(3) Laryngopharynx

Front 2

Nasopharynx

Location and Important Structures

Back 2

Base of skull to soft palate

Structures:

(1) Eustachian Tube opening
(2) Torus Tubaris
(2) Pharyngeal Recess
(3) Salpingopharyngeal Fold
(4) Pharyngeal Tonsils
(5) Tubal Tonsils
(6) Levator Veli Palatine
(7) Tensor Veli Palatine

Front 3

Eustachian Tubes and associated structures

Back 3

Eustachian tube is a small opening in the nasopharynx.

Torus tubaris is a ridge surrounding the opening.

Pharyngeal recess is a space behind the torus tubaris.

The Salpingopharyngeal fold extends from the torus tubaris and overlies the Salpingopharyngeus muscle

Pharyngeal Tonsils lie above the pharyngeal recess in the roof of the nasopharynx

Tubal Tonsils lie around the eustachian tube within the torus tubaris

Front 4

Oropharynx Location and Structures

Back 4

Location: Soft palate to base of tongue

Structures:
(1) Palatopharyngeal Arch
(2) Palatoglossal Arch
(3) Poserior 1/3 of tongue
(4) Lingual Tonsils
(5) Palatine tonsils
(6) Valleculae
(7) Epiglottis

Front 5

Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal Arches

Back 5

Palatoglossal Arch:

Runs from the soft palate to posterior tongue, overlies palatoglossus muscle

Palatopharyngeal Arch:

Runs from Soft palate to pharynx; overlies palatopharnygeus muscle

*Between the two arches lies the palatine tonsil

Front 6

Location/Function of the:

Lingual Tonsils
Valleculae
Epiglottis

Back 6

(1) Lingual tonsils are located on the posterior 1/3 of tongue

(2) Valleculae is the space anterior to the epiglottis

(3) Epiglottis is a cartilangeous structure which protects the airway while swallowing

Front 7

Laryngopharynx

Back 7

Extends from the hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage, posterior to larynx and connects to the esophagus

Front 8

Four tonsils

Back 8

(1) Pharyngeal
(2) Tubal
(3) Palatine
(4) Lingual

Front 9

Muscles of Pharynx (2 classes)

Back 9

(1) Constrictors
(2) Longitudinal Muscles

Front 10

Constrictor Muscles of Pharynx

Back 10

(1) Superior
(2) Middle
(3) Inferior

Front 11

Superior Constrictor

Back 11

Arises from buccinator muscle

CN X

Front 12

Middle Constrictor

Back 12

Pharyngeal Raphe to hyoid bone

CN X

Front 13

Inferior Constrictor

Back 13

Pharyngeal Raphe to thyroid and cricoid cartilage

CN X

Front 14

Cricopharyngeous portion of inferior constrictor

Back 14

lowermost portion of the inferior constrictor, forms the superior esophageal sphincter

Front 15

Longitudinal muscles

Back 15

(1) Stylopharyngeus
(2) Salpingopharyngeus (runs beneath the salpingopharyngeal fold)
(3) Palatopharyngeus (runs beneath the palatophayngeal arch)

Front 16

Innervation of Stylopharyngeous muscle

Back 16

CN IX

from the 3rd pharyngeal arch

Front 17

Motor innervation of pharynx

Sensory innervation of pharynx

Back 17

Motor: CN X (except Stylopharyngeous, CN IX)

Sensory: CN IX

Front 18

Soft Palate Muscles (4)

Back 18

(1) Tensor Veli Palatini
(2) Levator Veli Palatini
(3) Palatoglossus
(4) Palatopahrygeus

Front 19

Tensor Veli Palatini

Back 19

Action: Opens the eustachian tubes when swallowing/yawning; tenses soft palate

Innervation: CN V3, 1st pharyngeal arch

Front 20

Levator Veli Palatini

Back 20

Action: Elevates the soft palate, closes off nasopharynx during swallowing, helps open eustachian tubes

Inervation: CN X

Front 21

Palatoglossus and Palatopharngeus muscles

Back 21

Underlie mucosa and form the Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal Arches which surround the palatine tonsils.

Action: depress soft palate
Innervation: CN X

Front 22

Larynx

Back 22

Voice box and entrance to the trachea

Front 23

Major structures of the Larynx (4)

Back 23

(1) Vestibule
(2) Vestibular Fold
(3) Ventricle
(4) Vocal Fold

Front 24

Cartillages associated with the Larynx (4)

Back 24

(1) Thyroid
(2) Cricoid
(3) Arytenoid
(4) Epiglottis

Front 25

Quadrangular membrane

Back 25

attaches the arytenoid and thryoid cartilages

Forms the aryepiglottic fold

Front 26

Aryepiglottic Fold

Back 26

located superiorly to the false cords, formed by the quadrangular membrane

Front 27

Conus Elasticus

Back 27

attaches the cricoid and thyroid cartilage

located inferior to the true cords

Front 28

When swallowing, what happens?

Back 28

(1) Epiglottis closes over the larynx

(2) Vestibular and Vocal Folds close off

(3) soft palate closes over the nasal cavity separating it from the nasopharynx

Front 29

Laryngeal Muscles

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Back 29

Action: opens airway, ONLY Abductor of vocal cords

Innervation: Reccurent Laryngeal Nerve from CN X

Front 30

Transverse and Oblique Arytenoids

Back 30

Action: Adduct Vocal Cords

Innervation: Recurent Laryngeal N. from CN X

Front 31

Cricothyroid

Back 31

Action: Stretches cords, changes pitch

Innervation: External Laryngeal Branch of the Superior Laryngeal N. from CN X

Front 32

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

Back 32

Action: Adducts cords

Innervation: Recurrent Laryngeal N.

Front 33

Vocalis

Back 33

Forms the Vocal Cord

Action: fine adjustments of the cords

Innervation: Recurrent Laryngeal

Front 34

Sensation to the Larynx

Back 34

Superior to Vocal Cords: Internal Laryngeal branch of the Superior Laryngeal N. from CN X

Inferior to the Vocal Cords: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve from CN X