Pharynx

Front 1

What is the most inferior region of the pharynx?

Back 1

larynx (hypopharynx)

Front 2

What group of muscles pull trachea up and away during swallowing to let food go into esophagus?

Back 2

infrahyoid muscles

Front 3

The 3 concha of the nasal cavity are lined with what epithelium?

Back 3

pseudostratefied ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 4

What is the main function of the meati (sp?) or choanae between the 3 concha of the nose?

Back 4

to filter, warm, and humidify air as it enters

Front 5

How do choanae warm air as it enters?

Back 5

blood vessels very near the surface

Front 6

What region of the pharynx equilibrates air pressure in the head?

Back 6

auditory tube

Front 7

What nerve of what CN has parasympathetic fibers to nasal glands?

Back 7

greater petrosal nerve of CN VII

Front 8

What artery supplies blood to the nasal region through the IFT and pterygomaxillary fissure?

Back 8

maxillary artery

Front 9

What 3 things make up the nasal septum?

Back 9

1. septal cartilage
2. perpendicular plate of ethmoid
3. vomer

Front 10

Which concha is its own bone?

Back 10

inf. concha

Front 11

What region of the pharynx equilibrates air pressure in the head?

Back 11

auditory tube

Front 12

What nerve of what CN has parasympathetic fibers to nasal glands?

Back 12

greater petrosal nerve of CN VII

Front 13

What artery supplies blood to the nasal region through the IFT and pterygomaxillary fissure?

Back 13

maxillary artery

Front 14

What 3 things make up the nasal septum?

Back 14

1. septal cartilage
2. perpendicular plate of ethmoid
3. vomer

Front 15

Which concha is its own bone?

Back 15

inf. concha

Front 16

What 2 concha are parts of the ethmoid bone?

Back 16

mid and sup. concha

Front 17

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

Back 17

sella terseca

Front 18

Where is the opening to the auditory tube from the nasopharynx?

Back 18

just posterior to the inf. concha

Front 19

What are the 4 nasal air sinuses?

Back 19

1. frontal
2. maxillary
3. sphenoid
4. ethmoid

Front 20

What branches provide sensory innervation to the 4 nasal air sinuses?

Back 20

branches nasociliary of V1
branches of V2

Front 21

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain to and into what region of the nasal cavity?

Back 21

spheno-ethmoidal recess just posterior to sup. concha (so the sinus drains anteriorly)

Front 22

Where do the ethmoid air cells drain to and into what region of the nasal cavity?

Back 22

ethmoid bulla in the middle meatus

Front 23

What does the frontal sinus drain through and into what region of the nasal cavity?

Back 23

frontonasal duct drains the frontal sinus into the middle meatus

Front 24

What duct drains the tears from your eyes, and into what region of the nasal cavity?

Back 24

nasolacrimal duct drains into the inf. meatus

Front 25

What drains the maxillary sinus and into what region of the nasal cavity?

Back 25

Hiatus semi-lunaris into the middle meatus

Front 26

What is the largest sinus and what drains it?

Back 26

maxillary sinus drained by Hiatus Semi-lunaris

Front 27

Where is the Hiatus Semi-lunaris located in regards to the maxillary sinus, and what does this mean?

Back 27

Hiatus semi-lunaris is at the most superior end of the maxillary sinus, so the sinus doesn't drain until it's full or you are lying down

Front 28

Where is the pterygopalatine fossa located in relation to the maxillary sinus?

Back 28

the pterygopalatine fossa is just posterior to the maxillary sinus

Front 29

V2 and the pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic fibers from greater petrosal n) are located in what distinct region just posterior to maxillary sinus?

Back 29

pterygopalatine fossa

Front 30

What nerve has GVE components that innervate nasal glands from post-ganglionic fibers after the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 30

greater petrosal n. of CN VII

Front 31

What branches of CN V innervate the internal nasal regions with GSA?

Back 31

V1 -> nasociliary -> ant. and post. ethmoidal

V2 -> pterygopalatine -> nasopalatine

Front 32

What CN has SVA to posterior palate for some taste buds there?

Back 32

CN VII

Front 33

What canal opens into inf. meatus?

Back 33

nasolacrimal canal

Front 34

What 3 canals open into middle meatus?

Back 34

1. frontonasal duct
2. Hiatus Semi-lunaris
3. openings to ant. ethmoidal air cells

Front 35

What 2 canals open into superior meatus?

Back 35

1. opening to sphenoid sinus
2. openings to post. ethmoidal air cells

Front 36

What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Back 36

sup, mid, inf

Front 37

What group of muscles begins peristalsis?

Back 37

3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Front 38

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the posterior pharyngeal wall?

Back 38

1. salpingopharyngeus
2. palatopharyngeus
3. stylopharyngeus

Front 39

What is the largest pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

Back 39

inf. constrictor

Front 40

What muscle lifts the soft palate up?

Back 40

levator palatini

Front 41

What muscle puts lateral tension on the soft palate by reaching around the pterygoid hamulus?

Back 41

tensor palatini

Front 42

What is another name for the velum?

Back 42

soft palate

Front 43

What are the 4 papillae of the tongue and their shapes?

Back 43

1. fungiform - mushroom
2. filiform - hair
3. foliate - fold
4. vallate - trench

Front 44

What is the largest and 2nd most numerous papillae?

Back 44

vallate

Front 45

Taste buds are associated with what papillae?

Back 45

1. fungiform
2. foliate
3. vallate

Front 46

What innervates all the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and all extrinsic tongue muscles except the palatoglossus?

Back 46

CN XII (hypoglossus)

Front 47

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their innervations?

Back 47

3 by CN XII
styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus

1 by CN X
palatoglossus

Front 48

What 2 CNs make up the pharyngeal plexus?

Back 48

CN IX and CN X

Front 49

What structure divides the tongue into ant 2/3 and post 1/3?

Back 49

sulcus terminalis (vallate papillae)

Front 50

Through what foramen does the Chorda Tympani run?

Back 50

petrotympanic fissure

Front 51

What are 2 components of Chorda Tympani?

Back 51

SVA (taste)
GVE

Front 52

What gland secretes through Wharton's Duct into ant. of mouth under the tongue?

Back 52

sub-mandibular

Front 53

What is the autonomic ganglion for parasympathetic fibers going to the sub-mandibular and sub-lingual glands?

Back 53

sub-mandibular ganglion

Front 54

What is the relationship of the Lingual Nerve to Wharton's Duct from post. to ant?

Back 54

in posterior, lingual n. is superior and lateral to Wharton's Duct

in anterior, lingual n. is inferior and medial to Wharton's Duct

Front 55

What 3 CNs have SVA for taste?

Back 55

VII, IX, X

Front 56

Where are filiform palillae located?

Back 56

all throughout tongue but mostly in ant. 2/3

Front 57

Where are foliate papillae located?

Back 57

sides of tongue

Front 58

What 2 CNs provide innervation to ant 2/3 of tongue and what are their components?

Back 58

1. CN V - GSA
2. CN VII - SVA

Front 59

What 1 CN innervates post 1/3 of tongue and what are its 2 components?

Back 59

CN IX - GSA, SVA

Front 60

What 1 CN innervates the root of tongue and what are its 2 components?

Back 60

CN X - GSA, SVA

Front 61

What innervates the geniohyoid?

Back 61

cervical plexus C1

Front 62

What are the 3 unpaired laryngeal cartilages from sup to inf?

Back 62

sup: epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid: inf

Front 63

What are the 4 paired laryngeal cartilages?

Back 63

1. arytenoid
2. corniculate
3. cuneiform
4. triticeal

Front 64

All of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are innervated by what?

What is the only muscle that is not an intrinsic muscle of the larynx, and what innervates it?

Back 64

recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X innervates intrinsic laryngeal muscles

external portion of sup. laryngeal branch of CN X innervates the cricothyroid

Front 65

What is the primary function of the larynx?

Back 65

protect the airway

Front 66

What is the flat area at the superior region of the larynx called?

Back 66

vallecula

Front 67

What are the 2 vocal folds?

Back 67

1. true vocal folds
2. vestibular (false) vocal folds

Front 68

What is located between the true and false (vestibular) vocal folds?

Back 68

the sinus/ventricle of the larynx

Front 69

What is the only external muscle of the larynx and what is its innervation?

Back 69

cricothyroid: ext. portion of sup. laryngeal branch of CN X

Front 70

1

Back 70

epiglottis

Front 71

2

Back 71

hyoid bone

Front 72

3

Back 72

thyrohyoid membrane

Front 73

4

Back 73

thyroid cartilage

Front 74

5

Back 74

Corniculate cartilage

Front 75

6

Back 75

arytenoid cartilage

Front 76

7

Back 76

vocal ligament

Front 77

8

Back 77

cricothyroid membrane (ligament)

Front 78

9

Back 78

cricoid cartilage

Front 79

10

Back 79

trachea

Front 80

11

Back 80

vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

Front 81

12

Back 81

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Front 82

What is another name for the conic ligament?

Back 82

cricothyroid ligament (membrane)

Front 83

What is the only muscle that can abduct (open) the vocal folds?

What is its innervation?

Back 83

posterior crico-arytenoid muscle

recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X because it's an intrinsic muscle

Front 84

What is the process of vocal fold adduction?

Back 84

bringing them closer together

Front 85

1

Back 85

aryepiglottic muscle

Front 86

2

Back 86

oblique arytenoid muscle

Front 87

3

Back 87

transverse arytenoid muscle

Front 88

4

Back 88

posterior crico-arytenoid muscle