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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pharmacology? |
Study of drugs |
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What is a drug? |
Any chemical or substance |
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What are the 4 things drugs are used for? |
1. Diagnosis 2. Treatment 3. Cure 4. Prevention |
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What is an antipyretic? |
Against fever |
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What is an antipruretic? |
Against itching |
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What is an analgesic? |
Absence of stimulus that normally produces pain |
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What is a chelation? |
Binding of substance to metals |
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What is half life? |
Amount of time required for 1/2 of given dose to be rendered inactive or eliminated from body |
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What is titration? |
Raising/lowering of given dose to achieve desired effect |
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Super (opportunistic) infection? |
Produce due to anti microbial being too broad spectrum |
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What is a drug vehicle? |
A substance a drug is dissolved in, mixed with, and suspended in |
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What is efficacy? |
Effectiveness of a drug |
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What is paradoxical? |
A reaction which is contrary to expected reaction of drug |
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Pharmacodynamics? |
Study of animals response to a drug in absence of disease |
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Pharmacotherapeutics? |
Study of animals response to a drug in presence of disease |
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Pharmacokinetics? |
Science concerning what happens in animal with regards to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination |
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What is posology? |
Study of drug dosages |
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What is toxicology? |
Study of poisons |
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What is pharmacy? |
Science concerned with a drugs collection, preparation, standardization, and dispensing |
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What is therapeutic index? |
Multiple times a pt overdoses before severe side effects occur |
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What is effective dose? |
Dose that will produce an effective response in 50% of population |
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What is lethal dose? |
Dose that will produce lethal response in 50% of population tested |
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What is a chemical name? |
Chemical structure of drug |
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What is generic name? |
Name given to a drug based on chemical structure |
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What is a brand name? |
Name given to a drug that gives ownership of formulation to that company |
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What is generic drugs? |
Drug was either never patented or patent is expired |
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What are legend drugs? |
Available by prescription only |
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What are OTC drugs? |
Over the counter formulation of a drug |
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What happened 1202? |
1st food and drug law created by king John of England |
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What happened 1938? |
Federal food, drug, cosmetic act: distinguishes between food, drug, cosmetic agent |
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What happened 1951? |
Durham Humphrey Amendment: prescription label on rx vial |
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What happened 1962? |
Kefauver-Harris Amendment: developed laws governing drug companies |
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What are 5 drug laws? |
1. Proper labeling 2. Drug manufacturing control 3. Control of drug advertising 4. Generic name of drugs 5. Drug approval protocol |
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What happened 1970? |
Comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act: regulates control substances |
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3 vehicles used for injectable drugs? |
1. Sterile water 2. Sterile saline 3. Propylene glycol |
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What is a solution? |
All drug particles are completely dissolved in solvent -can be given IV |
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What is suspension? |
All drug particles are not completely dissolved in solvent -cannot be given IV |
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What is syrup? |
Drug vehicle is a mixture of sucrose and H2O |
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What is elixir? |
Drug vehicle is a mixture of alcohol and H2O |
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What is a tablet? |
Medication is evenly distributed |
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What are capsules? |
Spheroids inside a hard outer shell |
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What are powders? |
Drug is odorless and tasteless |
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What are implants? |
Allows for a gradual release of medication |
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What are ointments, liniments, lotions? |
Depends on the based used for a topical preparation |
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What are binders? |
Avoid breakage |
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What are dissolution aids? |
Helps dissolve faster |
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What are diluents? |
Carrie’s drug to sure of action in body |
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What are lubricants? |
Prevent adhesion to machinery |
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What are desiccants? |
Prevents premature degradation of tablet |
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What are 3 vehicles used in solid dosage forms? |
1. Sucrose 2. Talc 3. Resins |
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What is acid stable? |
Drug will remain stable in acidic environment |
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What is acid labile |
Drug will not remain stable in acidic environment |
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2 general effects of routes? |
1. Systemic 2. Local |
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2 general routes of administration? |
1. Systemic 2. Local |
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2 general routes? |
1. Enteral 2. Parental |
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What is patient temperament? |
Main limiting factor determining route |
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Advantage/disadvantage of oral administration? |
Advantage: longer duration Disadvantage: pt cooperation |
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Advantage/disadvantage of IV? |
Advantage: fastest action Disadvantage: no drug recall |
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What is infusion technique? |
Administering large amount of drug over extended period of time |
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What is intermittent technique? |
Administering small amount of drug periodically over extended period of time |
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What is bolus technique? |
Administering small amount of drug at one time |
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What is a drug depot? |
Fluid filled pocket in muscle tissue |
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3 advantages of sub-Q? |
1. Faster to give 2. Less painful 3. More gradual action |
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What 2 diagnostic procedure are used for ID? |
1. TB testing 2. Allergy testing |
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Fastest absorbable administration? |
Inhalation |
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3 factors of onset action for inhalation? |
1. Very Rich blood supply 2. Thin-walled capillaries 3. Small particle size |
