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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Anesthetics
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A group of drugs used to block the transmission of nerve conduction so that the sensation of pain is not perceived by the brain
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Two Classifications of Anesthetics
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1. General
2. Regional |
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What do general anesthetics do?
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- produce balanced anesthesia, by gas and injection
-prevent pain during surgery |
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How is anesthetics administered?
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-by gas or volatile liquid-inhalation
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surgery-secession of use
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-induction gas - first stage
-intravenous injection - second stage |
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risks of gas anesthetics
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-most are explosive
-nausea and vomiting -coughing -renal and liver toxicity |
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nitrous oxide, is it explosive?
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no
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cyclopropane, is it explosive?
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yes! no longer used
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general anesthetia may cause which type of confusion?
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delirium, can take 3 days to 2 weeks to clear up. make sure it isn't actually a stroke, etc.
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risks of injected anesthetics
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-blood pressure changes
-emergence delirium -malignant hyperthermia |
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Adjuncts to general anesthesia
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-narcotic opioid analgesics
-benzodiazepines -antiemetics |
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presurgical nursing interventions for anesthetics
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-administer preanesthetic medications
-provide safety -monitor vital signs -maintain NPO status -educate the client -promote confidence |
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postsurgical nursing interventions for anesthetics
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-monitor for hypotension
-monitor for tachycardia -monitor for GI upset -monitor for urinary retention -monitor for hyperthermia |
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NSAIDs are a large and diverse group of drugs with these 4 properties:
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-analgesic
-antiinflammatory -antipyretic -atirheumatic |
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activation of the arachidonic acid pathway causes:
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-pain
-headache -fever -inflammation |
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NSAIDs analgesia treats:
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-headaches
-mild to moderate pain -inflammation |
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how do NSAIDs analgesics work?
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Blocks the chemical activity of:
-COX enzymes (aka prostaglandin PG pathway and/or -blocks the lipoxygenase LT pathway Both of which results in limiting the undesirable inflammatory effect of PGs |
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How do NSAIDs antipyretics work?
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they inhibit prostaglandin E2 within the area of the brain that controls temperature
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What are the 7 categories of NSAIDs?
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-Acetic acids
-carboxylic acids (salicylates) acetylated and nonacetylated -propionic acids -COX-2 inhibitors -fenamic acids -napthylaalkanones (nonacidic) -oxicams |
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What are 5 examples of Acetic Acids?
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-diclofenac sodium (Voltaren)
-diclofenac potassium (Cataflam) -indomethacin (Indocin) -sulindac (Clinoril) -tolmetin (Tolectin) |
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Give 3 examples of Acetylated Carboxylic Acids:
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-aspirin (ASA)
-choline salicylate (Anthropan) -diflunisal (Dolobid) |
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Give 3 examples of Nonacetylated Carboxylic Acids:
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-ketorolac (Toradol)
-salsalate (Salsitab) -sodium salicylate |
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Give 6 examples of Propionic Acids:
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-ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, etc.)
-naproxen (Aleve, Naproxyn) -flurbiprofen (Ansaid) -ketoprofen (Orudis KT) -oxaprozin (Daypro) |
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auronofin, which type of drug is it?
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antirheumatoid arthiritis drug
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gold sodium thiomalate, which type of drug? how often injected?
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antirheumatoid arthritis drug, weekly injection.
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Serious interactions when NSAIDs are given with:
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-protein bound drugs
-anticoagulants -aspirin -corticosteroids and other ulcerogenic drugs |
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what does DMARD stand for?
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disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
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What is gout?
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a metabolic disease associated with the development of high uric acid in the blood.
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Gout is a _________ defect and NOT caused by excessive intake of _______ and ________.
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metabolic defect,
meat and alcohol |
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uric acid is formed by the breakdown of ____
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proteins
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the accumulation of uric acid can cause:
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-kiney stones
-kidney failure -gouty arthritis -hyperuricemia |
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acute attacks of gout are treated with:
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-NSAIDs
-corticosteroids -colchincine |
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colchine is not a first line of treatment for gout because...
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its adverse side effects
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Colchicine major adverse effects:
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-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-GI bleeding -neuritis -myopathy -alopecia -bone marrow depression |
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most commonly used drug for gout:
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allopurinol
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how does allopurinol work?
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prevents formation of uric acid
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what are the adverse effects of allopurinol?
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hepatotoxicity and skin rash
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