Pharmocology Test # 2

Front 1

*most likely type of organism causing infection (was it gram positive or gram negative)
*sensitivity of organism to a particular antiinfective
*status host's immune system
*likelihood of patients developing hypersensitivity to infective agent
*likelihood of patient compliance
* drug interactions (digoxin, warfarins,theophylline,cyclosporins and oral contraceptives)

Back 1

The basis for the selection of antiinfectives

Front 2

bactericidal agent that disrupts or retards synthesis of bacterial cell wall proteins (cannot exist w/o cell wall)

Back 2

Penicillins

Front 3

very common dental antiinfective

Back 3

Penicillins

Front 4

ususually administered orally but also IM, IV

Back 4

Penicillins

Front 5

narrow spectrum antiinfective (some gram+ and some gram-cocci, some spirochetes and anaerobes)

Back 5

Penicillins

Front 6

In penicillin bacterial resistance increases with what?

Back 6

Frequency use

Front 7

In penicillin resistance is due to

Back 7

penicillnase- producing organisms

Front 8

How is penicillin distributed?

Back 8

to most body tissues including saliva, breast milk and transplacental (execeptions are CSF and bone)

Front 9

Since toxicity is rare, what happens to the doses

Back 9

large doses are tolerated

Front 10

Penicillin's most common adverse effect reaction

Back 10

Hypersensitivity, it includes rash, edema, stomatitis, delayed hypersensitivity (up to 2 weeks post medication) and anaphylaxis

Front 11

Superinfection for penicillin?

Back 11

monilasis

Front 12

the prototype for penicillin

Back 12

Penicillin G

Front 13

similar to Pen G but produces higher blood levels

Back 13

Penicillin V

Front 14

less effective than Pen G and Pen V but effective againist organisms capable of producing penicillanase

Back 14

Penicillinase- Resistant Penicillin

Front 15

slightly wider range of action, produces higher blood levels than Pen G, Pen V, and Penicillinase and requires less frequent dosing

Back 15

*Ampillicins (Principen)
* Amoxillins ( Trimox, Augmentin)

Front 16

The half-life for oral penicillin

Back 16

0.5 hours

Front 17

Where is penicillin metabolized?

Back 17

Penicillin is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the kidney

Front 18

consist of erythromycin,clarithromycin, and azithromycin

Back 18

Macrolides -a broad spectrum

Front 19

Arythrocin, Zithromax, Erythrocin, Biaxin

Back 19

Types of Macrolides

Front 20

Spectrum of activity similar to penicillins but ineffective against the usual dental anaerobes

Back 20

Macrolides

Front 21

When are macrolides used?

Back 21

In patients with penicillin hypersensitivity

Front 22

bacteriostatic by interferences with protein synthesis

Back 22

Macrolides

Front 23

How are Macrolides administered?

Back 23

Orally (degraded by gastric acids so oral forms ususally enteric-coated) but also IV, IM

Front 24

What's the half-life for Macrolides?

Back 24

2 hours

Front 25

Where are macrolides metabolized?

Back 25

In the liver and excreted in urine feces

Front 26

What's the adverse reaction for macrolides?

Back 26

gastrointestinal resulting in nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea (frequently results in patient noncompliance)

Front 27

Macrolides may increase

Back 27

digoxin, cyclosporin, theophylline, and warfarin serum levels

Front 28

Types of Macrolides that are newer bacteriostatic macrolides with efficacy against some oral anaerobes and fewer gastrointestional adverse effects

Back 28

Azithromycin and clarithromycin

Front 29

Sumycin, Doxycycline, Minocylcine, Minocin, Vibramycin

Back 29

Types of Tetracyclines

Front 30

Effective against a wide spectrum of gram+ and gram- aerobes, as well as Rickettsia, spirochetes, some protozoa, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma organisms

Back 30

Tetracyclines