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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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(REVIA)NALTREXONE
(CNS) OPIOID ANTAGONIST |
- OPIOD ANTAGONIST
-In the treatment of alcohol dependence and for the blockade of the effects of exogenously administered opioids. -TAKEN PO -Naltrexone belongs to a class of drugs known as opiate antagonists. It works in the brain to prevent opiate effects (e.g., feelings of well-being, pain relief). It also decreases the desire to take opiates. This medication is also used to treat alcohol abuse. It can help people drink less alcohol or stop drinking altogether. It also decreases the desire to drink alcohol when used with a treatment program that includes counseling, support, and lifestyle changes. |
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(NARCAN)NALOXONE
(CNS) OPOID ANTAGONIST |
- TREATMENT OF OPIATE OVERDOSE
- POST OP ANESTHESIA REVERSAL - OPOID ANALGESIC |
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Fenanyl citrate
(CNS) OPIOID ANALGESIC DRUGS |
- PROCEDURAL SEDATION OR ADJUNCTION TO GENERAL ANESTHSIA
-RELIEVES MODERATE TO SEVERE PAIN(CANCER PAIN) |
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Meperidine HCl (Demerol)
(CNS) OPIOID ANALGESIC DRUGS |
. This medication is a narcotic pain reliever similar to morphine.
- THE DRUG SHOULD BE RESTRICTED BC OF UNPREDICTABLE EFFECTS - OPIOD ANALGESIC - POST OP SEDATION |
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Methadone Hcl (Dolophine)
(CNS) OPIOID ANALGESIC DRUGS |
- OPOID ANALGESIC
- RELIEF OF CHRONIC PAIN, DETOX, ADDICTION MAINTENANCE |
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Morphine Sulfate(CNS) OPIOID ANALGESIC DRUGS
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OPOID ANALGESIC
USED TO TREAT MOD TO SEVERE PAIN, PULMONARY EDEMA, PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH MI |
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Oxycodone OPIOID ANALGESIC DRUGS
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OPIOD ANALGESIC
RELIEF OF MILD TO SEVERE PAIN - CNS DEPRESSANT |
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Percocet OPIOID ACETAMINOPHEN COMBINATION DRUGS
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-CNS
- OPIOID ACETAMINOPHEN COMBINATION DRUGS - indicated for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain -This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone is a narcotic pain reliever (opiate-type) that acts on certain centers in the brain to give you pain relief. Acetaminophen is a non-narcotic pain reliever. |
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Vicodin, LORATAB
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OPIOID ACETAMINOPHEN COMBINATION DRUGS
-This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. Hydrocodone is a narcotic pain reliever (opiate-type) that acts on certain centers in the brain to give you pain relief. Acetaminophen is a non-narcotic pain reliever. |
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Buprenorphine (Buprenex)
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PARTIAL AGONIST
SUBLINGUIL TREATS ADDICTIONS TO OPIOD DRUGS INCLUDING HEROINE AND NARCOTICS. PREVENTS AND REDUCES WITHDRAWL SYMPTOMS BY QUITTING THESE DRUGS |
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Nalbuphine (Nubain)
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PARTIAL AGONIST
DECREASES PAIN AND USED DURNG LABOR SEDATION B4 SURGERY ANESTHESIA SUPPLEMENT TO BALANCE ANESETHIA |
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anesthetics that alter the cns, resulting in loss of consciousness, and deep muscle relaxation are ?
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general anestetics
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Adjunctives
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used in combination with anesthics to control the adverse effects of anesthetics
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how do local anesthetics work
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they render a specific portion of the body insensitive to pain without affecting consciousness
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after one had a spinal anesthesia what is the best thing to do to decrease headache
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lie flat in bed
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what is the only muscle relaxtant that acts directly on skeletal muscle
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DANTROLENE
(DAN HAS BIG MUSCLES) |
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WHAT IS ZOLPIDEM CLASSIFIED AS
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A NON-BENZOID DRUG BUT HAS SAME EFFECTS AS A BENZODIAZEPINE
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WHAT CLASS IS FLURAZEPAM
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BENZODIAZEPINE
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IF I WERE TO GIVE YOU A LARGER DOSE OF A SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC WHAT WOULD BE THE EFFECT
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SLEEP HYPNOTIC EFECT
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What do smaller doses of CNS depressants do
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have a calming sedative effect
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how does a benzodiazepine work and one example
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they enhance inhibitory NT GABA which blocks the CNS like pain and anxiety; DORAL
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Name 3 major complications of general anesthesia
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cardiac depression, rr depression, hepatotoxcity(bc its metabolized in the liver)
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what is nitrous oxide mainly used for
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dental procedures
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what are 2 adverse effects of generalized inhalation ansthetics
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cardiac and rr depression
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what is malignant hyperthermia
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happens when there is a sudden increase in temp after surgery >105, muscles contract, usually from a gentic disorder
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how is propofol administered
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IV in general anthes
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how is nitrous oxide administered
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its a gas and given with oxygen and is inhaled, also called laughing gas
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when would you not give opioids
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if one had asthma, increased cranial pressure, allergy, pregnancy long term
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vasdilation, decreased bP, and constriction of pupils are from a _____ blocking drug
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adrenergic
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Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
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muscle relaxant
relieves spasms by depressing somatic motor activity in the CNS |
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DIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC
Bethanechol (Urecholine) |
PO
increases tone and peristaltic activity of the esophagus stomach and intestine CONTRACTS DETRUSOR MUSCLE OF THE BLADDER GIVE ON EMPTY STOMACH |
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Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
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INDIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC (A.K.A. ANTICHOLINESTERASE)
- inactivation of cholinesterase thereby allowing acetlcholine to accumulate at the receptor sites in the skeletal muscles, produces an increase in the strentgth of skeletal muscle contraction -given for the maintenince of myasthenia gravis; po/iv/im - atropine is the antidote |
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DANTROLENE
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-MUSCLE RELAXTANT
- PO/IV - SPASTICITY FROM SEVERE DISORDERS LIKE MS/STROKE -HELPS WITH MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA CRISIS - CNS DEPRESSANT |
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skelaxin
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SKELAXIN (metaxalone) is indicated as an adjunct to rest, physical therapy, and other measures for the relief of discomforts associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. The mode of action of this drug has not been clearly identified, but may be related to its sedative properties. Metaxalone does not directly relax tense skeletal muscles in man.
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BENZODIAZEPINES
Flurazepam (Dalmane) |
PO
WORKS ON THE LIMBIC SYSTEM,THALAMUS,HYPOTHALAMUS TO PRODUCE HYPNOTIC EFFECT TREATS INSOMNIA |
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This medication is used for the short-term treatment of patients with trouble sleeping (insomnia). It is generally used for 7-10 days. It may help you fall asleep faster and decrease the number of times you awaken during the night. It may also help you sleep for a longer period of time. Quazepam belongs to a class of medications called sedative/hypnotics. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect.
Adverse events most frequently encountered in patients treated with are drowsiness and headache. |
BENZODIAZEPINES
Quazepam (Doral) THIS IS AN ANXIOLYTIC DRUG, NOT HABIT FORMING, DOES NOT ALTER RECEPTOR, ITS SAFE BC ITS NOT METABOLIZED IN LIVER |
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While Sonata (zaleplon) is a hypnotic agent with a chemical structure unrelated to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or other drugs with known hypnotic properties, it interacts with the gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine (GABA-BZ) receptor complex
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*Zaleplone (Sonata)
NOT A BENZO BUT HAS SAME EFFECT SONATA is a sedative-hypnotic (sleep) medicine. SONATA is used in adults for the short-term treatment of the symptom of trouble falling asleep from insomnia. SONATA does not treat other symptoms of insomnia which include waking up too early in the morning and waking up often during the night. |
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THIS IS NOT A BENZO BUT HAS SAME EFFECTS,CLASS- IMIDAZOPYRIDINE SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC
SHORT TERM MANAGEMENT OF INSOMNIA VERY RAPID ACTION |
*Zolpidem (Ambien)
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THESE CAN BECOME HABIT FORMING, LOWER THEREPUETIC INDEX, R NOT TAKEN LONG TERM AND IF SO U WILL HAVE TO TAKE MORE TO GET SAME EFFECT;INHIBITS NERVE TRANSMISSION
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BARBITUATES
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BARBITURATES “-BARBITAL”
Phenobarbital |
SHORT ACTING
FOR ANTICONVULSANT, FEBRILE SEIZURES,SHORT TERM INSOMNIA, PREOP SEDATION |
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Pentobarbital
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SEDATION/INSOMNIA/PREOP
The barbiturates are nonselective central nervous system depressants which are primarily used as sedative hypnotics and also anticonvulsants in subhypnotic doses SHORT ACTING |
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This medication is used for a short time (no more than 2 weeks) to treat sleeping problems (insomnia). It may also be used to help calm you during periods of anxiety or before surgery. Butabarbital belongs to a class of drugs known as barbiturate hypnotics. It works by affecting certain parts of the brain to cause sleep and calming
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Butabarbital
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what drug reduces effect of barbituates
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metoprolol
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THE BODY PRODUCES NT THAT ARE USED TO HELP FIGHT PAIN NATURALLY, WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DO THEY WORK
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ENKEPHALINS AND ENDORPHINS
THEY ARE CAPABLE OF BINDING WITH OPOID RECEPTORS AND INHIBITING THE TRANSMISSION OF PAIN IMPULSES BY CLOSING THE SPINAL CORD GATES (SIMILAR TO AN OPIOID ANALGESIC DRUG) RELEASED WHENEVER BODY HAS PAIN |
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WHAT IS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE OPIOIDS? THEY RELIEVE MOD TO SEVERE PAIN
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AGONIST- BINDS TO OPOID RECEPTOR IN BRAIN AND CASUES AN ANELGESIC RESPONSE=REDUCTION OF PAIN SENSATION
PARTIAL= BINDS TO PAIN RECEPTOR BUT WEAKER ANTAGONIST- BINDS TO PAIN RECPTOR BUT DOES NOT REDUCE PAIN RECEPTOR |
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WHAT WOULD BE AN ANTIDOTE FOR AN OVERDOSE OF AN OPIOID
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NARCAN OR REVIA
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HOW DOES AN OVERDOSE OF ACETAMINOPHEN AFFECT THE BODY?
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CAN CAUSE LIVER NECROSIS SHORT TERM
LONG TERM= RENAL FAILURE |
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WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING MODERATE SEDATION
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ANESTHIA THAT DOES NOT LEAD TO LOSS OF CONSCIOUNESS
- REMAIN AWAKE - RESPOND VERBALLY TO COMMANDS - RELAX, OPEN AIRWAYS - RAPID RECOVERY - LOWER CARDIOPULMONARY RISKS |
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CHLORAL HYDRATE IS USED AS A
________ AND HAS THE ADVERSE EFFCTS OF _________ |
SEDATIVE/HYPNOTIC
DEPENDENCE AND GI IRRITATION |
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NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING DRUGS (NMBD)
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LEADS TO PARALYSIS OF THE MUSCLES
OFTEN USED WITH ANESTHETICS FOR SURGERY DOES NOT RELIEVE PAIN |
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NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING DRUGS (NMBD)
Succinylcholine (Anectine) |
NOW THE ONLY COMMON USED DEPOLARIZING NMBA
- FOR MAINTAINING CONTROLLED VENTILATION DURING SURGERY BC WHEN RESPIRATORY MUSCLES ARE PARALYZED BY THIS DRUG , MECHANICAL VENTILATION IS EASIER BC THE BODYS DESIRE TO CONTROL RR IS ELIMINATED AND VENTILATOR HAS TOTAL CONTROL |
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Vecuronium (Norcuron)
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NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING DRUGS (NMBD)
USED WITH GENERAL ANESTHIA BC RELAXES SMOOTH MUSCLE - INTUBATION(RELAXES TRACHEA)/MECHANICAL VENTILATION - INTERMMED ACTING |
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Partial agonist, parasympathetic, antispasmodic for urinary retention. decreases spincter contraction= releases urine out
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bethanechol/ urecholine
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INDIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC (A.K.A. ANTICHOLINESTERASE)
Physostigmine (Antilirium) |
glacoma, alzeihmer dementia, reversal of drug induced anticholergic effects
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INDIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC (A.K.A. ANTICHOLINESTERASE)
Donepezil (Aricept) |
parasympathetic
PO, ALZEIHMERS THIS INCREASES ACH BY INHIBITING THE CHOLINESTERASE ENZYME |
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MESTINON/PYRIDOSTIGMINE
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TREATS MYASTHIA GRAVIS
IF SOMEONE HAS BEEN POISIONED, ACTS AS PROPHALXIS AGAINST ORGANOPHOSPHATE |
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CHOLINERGIC BLOCKING
Atropine |
NATURAL, USED PREOP TO REDUCE SALIVA AND GI SECRETIONS, BRADYCARDIA,
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CHOLINERGIC BLOCKING Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
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IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
MAN MADE ANTISPASMODIC ALSO USED IN COMBO WTH PHENOBARBITAL FOR COLIC IN INFANTS |
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Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)CHOLINERGIC BLOCKING
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PREVENTION OF MOTION SICKNESS
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CHOLINERGIC BLOCKING
Solifenacin (Vesicare) MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST |
OVERACTIVE BLADDER
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CHOLINERGIC BLOCKING
Tolterodine (Detrol) |
OVERACTIVE BLADDER, CAUSES MORE DRY MOUTH THAN VESICARE, (ANTIMUSCANIC EFFECTS), RELAXES SMOOTH MUSC OF BLADDER
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Dodeine sulfate
OPIOID ANALGESIC DRUGS |
NOT IN BOOKK ASK TEACHER
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GENERAL ANEST
Enflurane |
PRODUCES GOOD MUSCULAR RELAXATION AND SMALL CARDIAC SENSITIVITY TO CATECHOLIMINES
DONT USE IN PATIENTS THAT HAVE SEIZURES USED IN L/D, USED AS SUPPLEMENT TO OTHERS DURIING C SECTION |
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Halothane
GENERAL ANESTH |
COMMONLY USED WITH NITROUS OXIDE
WHEN USED ALONE = CARDIAC SENSITIVITY TO CATECHOLIMINES AND POOR MUSCLE RELAXATION, HIGH LIVER TOXICITY LESS COMMONLY USED |
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Isofurane
GENERAL ANESTH |
LIKE ENFLURANE BUT QUICKER ONSET, LESS CARDIAC DEPRESSION, OVERALL LITTLE OR NO TOXICITY
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Methoxyflurane
GENERAL |
PRODUCES EXCELLENT MUSCLE RELAXATION WITHOUT CARDIAC SENSITIVITY TO CATECHOLIMIENS
IT CAN HOWEVER CAUSE HIGH DEGREE OF LIVER TOXICITY SO DONT GIVE IF ONE HAS LIVER PROBLEMS ALSO CAUSES RR DEPRESSION SO DONT USE IN SHORT OPERATIONS |
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Nitrous oxide
GENERAL |
LAUGHING GAS
ONLY INHALED ONE WEAKEST OF ALL USED 4 DENTISTS OR SUPPLEMENT TO OTHER MORE POTENT ANESTH |
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LOCAL “CAINE”
Benzocaine |
TOPICAL AEROSOL OR SPRAY
SURGICAL,DENTAL,ESTER GROUP |
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LOCAL “CAINE”
PROCAINE |
ALSO CALLED NOVICAINE
LOW POTNENCY DENTAL ESTER GROUP |
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Lidocaine
LOCAL “CAINE” |
AMIDE TYPE
Parenteral Solutions (lidocaine hydrochloride) are indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques including percutaneous injection, by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal blocks, and by central neural techniques including epidural and caudal block ALSO CALLED XYLOCAINE |
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ADRENERGIC DRUGS
Albuterol |
TREATS BRONCHOSPASMS IN PATIENTS WTH REVERSIBLE OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE
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Ephedrine
Tetrahydrazozoline |
SNS STIMULANTS
CONJUNCTIVAL CONGESTION, IRRITATION, ALLERGIC CONDITONS |
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Ephedrine
Epinephrine |
SHOCK, BRONCHOSPASM,
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Ephedrine
Norepinephrine |
RESTORE HYPOTENSION
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Ibuprofen (Advil/Motrin)
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OTC
NSAID |
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Naproxen sodium (Aleve, Naprosyn)
OTC |
MILD TO MODERATE PAIN
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Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
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SKIN INFECTIONS
YEAST INFECTIONS |
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Ranitidine
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(Zantac)H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
HEARTBURN |
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Famotidine
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(Pepcid)
HEARTBURN |
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Loratadine (Claritin)
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UPPER RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES
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Diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl)
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ALLERGY, SEDATION, SLEEP AIDE
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Chlorpheniramine maleate (Chlor-Trimeton)
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ALLERGY
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