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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's an antihistamine?
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A group of drugs that inhibit the actions of histamine.
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How is histamine released?
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From mast cells located in the skin of dogs, or through certain histamine liberators.
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What are some adverse reactions to histamines being released in the body?
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Pruritis, hypotension (low blood pressure) and constriction of bronchioles.
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What are some side effects of antihistamines?
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Sedation or lethargy, CNS excitation, Teratogenicity, birth defects, anti-cholinergic action (decrese in secretions), rare agranulocytosis (increase in lymphocytes and monocytes).
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What should antihistamines not be given with?
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Anticonvulsant drugs
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Are antihistamines better used as a prevention or a treatment?
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Prevention
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What type of drug is Dihyenhydramine?
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Antihistamine
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What type of drug is Chlorpheniramine?
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Antihistamine
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What type of drug is Hydroxyzine HCL?
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Antihistamine
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What type of drug is Terfenadine?
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Antihistamine
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What type of drug is Dimenhydrinate?
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Antihistamine
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What type of drug is Pyrilamine Maleate?
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Antihistamine
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What type of drug is Cortisol?
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Natural Glucocorticoid
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What type of drug is Aldosterone?
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Mineralocorticoid
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What type of drug is Fludrocortisone acetate?
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Mineralocorticoid
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What type of drug is Florinef (R)?
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Mineralocorticoid - Fludrocortisone acetate
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What type of drug is Prednisone?
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Synthetic Glucocorticoid
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What type of drug is Prednisolone?
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Synthetic Glucocorticoid
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What type of drug is Betamethasone?
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Synthetic Glucocorticoid
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What type of drug is Dexamethasone?
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Synthetic Glucocorticoid
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What type of drug is Methylprednisolone?
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Synthetic Glucorticoid
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What type of drug is Prednisolone sodium succinate?
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Synthetic Glucocorticoid
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What type of drug is Betason (R)?
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Synthetic Glucocorticoid - Betamethasone
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What type of drug is Azium (R)?
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Synthetic Glucocorticoid - Dexamethasone
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What type of drug is Depo-medrol (R)?
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Synthetic Glucocorticoid - Methylprednisolone
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What type of drug is Solu-Delta-Cortef (R)?
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Synthetic Glucorticoid - Prednisolone sodium succinate
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What type of drug is Flunixin Meglumine?
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NSAID
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What type of drug is Banamine (R)?
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NSAID - Flunixin Meglumine
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What type of drug is Phenylbutazone?
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NSAID
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What type of drug is Butazolidin (R)?
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NSAID - Phenylbutazone
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What type of drug is Ecotrin (R)?
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NSAID - Acetylsalicylic acid
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What type of drug is aspirin?
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NSAID - Acetylsalicylic acid
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What type of drug is Dimethyl sulfoxide?
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NSAID
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What type of drug is DMSO?
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NSAID - Dimethyl Sulfoxide
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What type of drug is Carprofen?
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NSAID
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What type of drug is Rimadyl (R)?
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NSAID - Carprofen
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What type of drug is Naproxen?
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NSAID
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What type of drug is Naprosyn (R)?
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NSAID - Naproxen
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What type of drug is Equiproxen (R)?
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NSAID - Naproxen
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What type of drug is Etodolac?
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NSAID
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What type of drug is EtoGesic (R)?
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NSAID - Etodolac
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What type of drug is Dermaxx?
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NSAID
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What two NSAIDS aren't used in veterinary medicine?
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Ibuprofen (Advil (R)) and Acetaminophen (Tylenol (R)).
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Which antihistamine is effective for "Heaves" in horse?
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Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimetron (R))
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What type of drug is Benadryl (R)?
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Antihistamine - Diphenhydramine
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What type of drug is Chlor-trimetron (R)?
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Antihistamine - Chlorpheniramine
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What type of drug is Atarax (R)?
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Antihistamine - Hydroxyzine HCL
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What type of drug is Seldane (R)?
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Antihistamine - Terfendadine
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What type of drug is Dramamine (R)?
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Antihistamine - Dimenhydrinate
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What type of drug is Histavet (R)?
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Antihistamine - Pyrilamine Maleate
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What type of cell releases histamine?
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Mast cells
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What are the clinical uses of Antihistamines?
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Pruritis, urticaria (hives), laminitis in horses, motion sickness, anaphylactic shock, reverse sneeze syndrome, 'heaves' in horses and upper respiratory tract infections.
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What antihistamine has an anti-emetic effect?
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Dimenhydrinate - Dramamine (R)
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Which antihistamine is inexpensive, causes relaxtion of skeletal muscles, has some ananlgesic effects and less side effects than other AH's?
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Hydroxyzine HCL - Atarax(R)
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Which antihistamine is somewhat effective for 'heaves' in horses?
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Chlorpheniramine - Chlor-trimetron (R)
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What do coticosteroids treat?
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Infammatory, pruritic, immune-mediated diseases and sometimes shock.
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Where are natural steroids produced?
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By the adrenal cortex
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What are the two major catergories of steroids?
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Mineralcorticoids and Glucocorticoids
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What are some contraindications for using steroids?
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Pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, vaccinations, immature, dehydrated, corneal ulcers, animals with actively healing wounds or with severe infections.
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What is the triple "A" effect?
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Anti-inflammatory, Anti-pyretic, Analgesic. NSAIDS
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What are the advantages of NSAIDS over steroids?
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No steroidal side effects (PU/PD/PP), no CNS suppression (can use for analgesia), fewer serious side-effects than those associated with steroids.
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What's the most common problem associated with NSAIDS?
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Gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration.
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What are some disadvantages of NSAIDS?
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*Gastrointestional bleeding and ulceration. Blood abnormalities (affect bone marrow), clotting problems, decrease renal blood perfusion (~ hepatotoxicity).
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What are the contraindications for NSAID use?
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Kidney or liver disease, hypotension or dehydration, thrombocytopenis/clotting disease, GI ulcerative disease, corticosteroid use.
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What NSAID is used primarily in Large Animal Medicine?
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Phenylbutazole - Butazolidin (R)
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What NSAID are cats very sensitvie to and should only be given by Vet prescription?
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Acetylsalicylic acid - Asprin, Ecotrin (R)
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What NSAID should be used as a one time dose? Why?
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Flunixin Megumine - Banamine (R). There is the potential for gastric ulcers and nephrotoxicity.
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What NSAID is used as a carrier for other drugs?
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Dimethyl sulfoxide - DMSO (R)
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What NSAID should never be used in cats? Why?
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Acetaminophen - Tylenol (R). One tablet can be fatal.
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Symptoms of Acetaminophen (Tylenol (R)) poisoning in cats?
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Facial edema, cyanosis, depression, anorexia.
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What is a fever?
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A change in the temerature set point of the CNS, resulting in elevated core body temperature.
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What is a fever?
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A change in the temerature set point of the CNS, resulting in elevated core body temperature.
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What is hyperthermia?
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Change in tempreature due to external causes, the CNS set point is normal. Ex. overheating from the environment - being locked in the car on a hot day.
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What are pyrogens?
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Chemical agents that raise the CNS set point resulting in fever. Ex. bacteria, viruses, drugs, fungi, immune complexes, leukocyte proteins, and damaged tissue.
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What might cause a fever?
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Bacteria, viruses, drugs, fungi, immune complexes, leukocyte proteins, damaged tissues.
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What drugs are used to treat a fever?
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Buffered aspriin (Ecotrin (R)), Phenylbutazone, Banamine (R).
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What is a non-drug supportive therapy to treat a fever?
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Fluids
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What can occur if a fever becomes excessive - over 107 degrees?
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Damage to the liver, kidneys and CNS, cardiovascular collapse and shock.
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What NSAID is not recommended for use in Small Animal Medicine? Why?
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Naproxen - Naprosyn (R), Equiproxen (R). Accurate dosing is difficult and it stays in a dogs plasma 5 times as long as in humans.
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Which NSAID will penetrate intact skin and may used topically along with another drug?
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Dimethyl sulfoxide - DMSO (R)
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