Pharmocology Chapter 5

Front 1

Defined as the study of biochemical & physio effects of drugs & the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced (i.e. the study of what drugs DO to the body).

Back 1

Pharmdynamics

Front 2

The relationship that determines the miniumum amount of a drug that we can use & the max amount a drug can elicit, plus the amount needed to increase the right doseage.

Back 2

Dose-Response Relationship

Front 3

The dose response relationship is considered this in that as the dosage increases, the response progressively becomes larger.

Back 3

Graded

Front 4

The phase in the dose-response relationship that occurs at low doses; the curve is flat during this phase because the doses are too low to elicit a measureable response.

Back 4

Phase 1

Front 5

Defined as the largest effect that a drug can produce, indicated by the "HEIGHT" of the dose relationship curve.

Back 5

Maximal Efficacy

Front 6

The phase of the dose-response relationship where we eventually reach a point where an increase in dose is unable to elicit a further increase in response.

Back 6

Phase 3

Front 7

The term that refers to the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect, indicated by the relative position of the dose-relationship curve along the
X(i.e. dosage) axis. Produces its effects at low doses, while implying NOTHING about its maximal effects.

Back 7

Potency

Front 8

The phase of the dose-response relationship where an increase in dose elicits a corresponding increase in response. It is at this phase where the dose-response relationship is graded.

Back 8

Phase 2

Front 9

These are special chemicals in the body that most drugs interact with to produce effects; defined as any functional macromolecule on a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects.

Back 9

Receptors

Front 10

A receptor must be in the *** configuration to influence cellular function & are activated by interactions with other molecules.

Back 10

ON

Front 11

The **** through which drugs act are normal points of control of physiologic processes (REPEAT)

Back 11

Receptors

Front 12

Under physiologic conditions, receptors function in regulated by ****in the body.

Back 12

Molecules

Front 13

All drugs can do at receptors is *** or *** the action of the body's own regulatory molecules.

Back 13

Mimic or Block

Front 14

T/F: Because drug action is limited to mimicking or blocking the body's own regulatory molecules, drugs CANNOT give new functions.

Back 14

True

Front 15

T/F: Drugs can only alter the rate of pre-existing processes.

Back 15

True

Front 16

The term that refers to the specific regions of the receptor where binding of drugs & endogenous regulatory molecules take place.

Back 16

Ligand-Binding Domain

Front 17

This type of "embedded enzyme" spans the cell membrane, whereas the ligand-binding domain is located on the cell surface & the enzymes catalytic site is inside. Insulin is a good example of an endogenous ligand that acts through this type of receptor.

Back 17

Cell Membrane-Embedded Enzymes

Front 18

The function of these receptors is to regulate the flow of ions into & out of the cells. Each ion channel is specific for a particular ion (e.g. Na+, Ca+). When endougenous ligands or angonist drugs binds to the receptor, the channels open, allowing ions to flow inward or outward.

Back 18

Ligand Gated

Front 19

Protein coupled receptor systems that have three components: (the receptor, (***protein,(& an effector. The binding of an endogenous ligand or agonist drug activates the receptor, which in turn actives ***protein, which in turn activates the effector.

Back 19

G-Protein

Front 20

Receptors consisting of factors that are found within the cell surface(i.e. situated on DNA in the cell nucleus) & the responses are delayed. Their function is to regulate protien synthesis, whereas activation of these receptors by endogenous ligands or angonist drugs stimulates the transciption of mRNA molecules.

Back 20

Transcription Factors