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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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simple partial seizures last how long?
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20 -60 seconds
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simple partial seizures does or does not cause loss of consciousness?
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no loss of consciousness
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tonic-clonic what is the tonic phase
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rigid, no breathing
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clonic phase, what is the clonic phase
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contraction/relaxation
rolled-back eyes frothing incontinent |
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postictal phase
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confusion
disorientation amnesia sleep |
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four phases of tonic-clonic
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aura
tonic clonic postictal |
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myoclonic seizures causes what
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sudden muscle contraction
lasts 1 second focal myoclonus massive myoclonus |
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febrile seizures is caused by what
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fever associated seizures
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common age in children who have febrile seizures
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6 months to 5 years
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Status epilepticus is what
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tonic clonic seizures lasting longer than 20 minutes
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first drug of choice for terminating seizure
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ativan
IV benzodiazepines |
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once the seizure is stopped what medications do you give
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Dilantin
Cerebyx |
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what do you need to monitor for with someone who has a status epileticus
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hypoglycemia
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How is a Seizure diagnosis?
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EEG
Skull X-ray CTscan MRI |
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seizure treatments involve what?
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medications
ketagenic diet vagal nerve stimulation surgery |
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What is a Ketagenic diet?
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low CHO diet
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What are the goals of treatment?
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reduce seizures
enable the client to have a near normal life |
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How the seizure drugs work?
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suppress discharge of neurons w/in a
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suppression of seizure is done how
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by suppression of sodium influx
suppression of calcium influx |
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most widely used AED
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Dilantin
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Is absorption different between brand name and generic brand of Dilantin
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yes
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Uses for Dilantin
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used for cardiac dysrhymias
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What are some of the adverse effects of Dilantin?
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CNS, skin rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome risk, DO NOT USE W/ PREGNANCY, give slowly
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At what level do adverse effects occure w/ Dilantin?
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occur if level is high (>20 mcg/ml)
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What is the drug used to treat Status Eplilepticus?
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Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)
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what is a benefit of infusing Cerebyx?
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Can be infused faster w/out causing cardiovascular collapse
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What is the cause of 1/2 of the treatment failures?
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non-compliance
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What is a muscle spasm
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involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscle group
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What are causes of muscle spasms?
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localized skeletal muscle injury
epilepsy hypocalcemia acute/chronic pain |
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what are centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants used for?
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muscle spasm from localized muscle injury
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what do muscle relaxants do?
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decrease pain and tenderness
increase range of motion |
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what is the mechanism of relief of muscle relaxants?
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unknown, spasm relaxation from sedation
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what are adverse effects of muscle relaxants?
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sedation, lightheadedness, phycial dependancy
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What medication would you use for back pain?
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flexeral
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Spasticity is what?
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group of movement disorders of CNS origin
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Most common causes of spasticity?
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multiple sclerosis
cerebral palsy traumatic spinal cord lesions/stroke |
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What would you use for Baclofen for?
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spasticity, not a muscle relaxer
will not decrease muscle strength |
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What does epilepsy refer to?
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a group of disorders characterized by excessive excitability of neurons with in the CNS
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What does epilepsy range from?
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brief periods of changes in consciousness to violent convulsions
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How many have epilepsy? new each year? children under 14?
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2.3 million, 100,000, 300,000
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What is a seizure initiated by?
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discharge of hyper-excitable neurons called a focus
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What is an event that causes an isolated event of seizures?
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Common after a head injury (brain infection, stroke, brain tumor)
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Another name for AEDs?
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Anti-Epileptic drugs
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The cause of most seizure disorders is ___________?
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unknown
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What is kindling? what might it explain?
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Experimental procedure where they implant electrodes.
Brief interval of localized stimuli once a day. At first...no seizures later...seizures |
