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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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types of rates (3)
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crude, specific, adjusted
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population at risk
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does not include individuals with the disease or immune individuals
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2 elements that control prevalence
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the number of individuals who have had the disease in the past and the length or duration of the disease incidence and duration |
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1 - CFR (case fatality rate)
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survival rate
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this type of rate fails to show differences found in or between subgroups
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crude rate
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rate whose numerator and denominator refer to the same defined category
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specific rate
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adjustments done to identify confounding factors
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rate adjustments
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when crude rates ratio does not equal adjusted rates ratio this has occured
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confounding factor/variable present
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these rates allow comparison across groups, such as the ratio of black to white mortality rates
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age-adjusted rates (adjusted rates)
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five major classifications of diseases
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(1) congenital and hereditary diseases, (2) allergies and inflammatory diseases, (3) degenerative or chronic diseases, (4) metabolic diseases, and (5) cancer and infectious diseases
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measure of risk used in case-control studies
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odds ratio
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medical surveillance
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process of detection, performed to identify changes in the distribution of diseases so that they can be prevented or controlled within a population
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proportion
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relation between the amount, number, size, or degree of one item and the amount, number, size, or degree of another item type of ratio whose numerator is contained in its denominator |
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rate
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amount or number of one item measured in relation to units of another item need 3 variables: numerator, denominator, and specific time period |
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morbidity
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extent of disease, illness, injury, or disability in a defined population
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ways to express morbidity
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prevalence, attack rates, or incidence rates
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prevalence (point prevalence)
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number of cases of a disease or condition (number of infected people) present in a defined population at one particular point in time
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period prevalence
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probability of occurrence, or the total number of individuals with the condition or disease, during a specified period, instead of at one point in time
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incidence rate
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rate at which the condition develops or the rate at which newly diagnosed patients are identified over time
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cumulative incidence
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probability of developing a condition within a specified period. It also can be viewed as a measure of risk. The cumulative incidence rate is useful in prospective and longitudinal studies
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incidence rate in person-time units
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refers to incidence measured in person-time units due to individuals being at risk or observed for different time periods during the study
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the sum of observation time periods during which individuals are at risk for all people in the study
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incidence rate in person-time units
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survival rate
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likelihood of living for a specified time period after the diagnosis of a particular condition
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rate adjustment
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adjustments or standardizations of category-specific rates comparison of two or more populations in which background or baseline differences in the distribution of values for a variable (e.g., underlying differences in age) are removed |
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attack rate
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proportion of people in a population who develop a particular condition during an outbreak (specified time period) an incidence rate |
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incidence rate + point prevalence
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period prevalence
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incidence, incidence rate, cumulative incidence, and prevalence - Period and Point
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morbidity statistics
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mortality rate, case fatality rate, survival rate
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mortality statistics
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RR, OR, attributable risk and attributable risk percent
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risk assessment
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type of ratio that ranges from 0-1
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proportion
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proportion * 100
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percentage
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medical surveillance involves: (5)
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(1)continuous data collection and evaluation,(2)an identified target population,(3) a standard definition of outcome under study,(4) timely collection and dissemination of information,(5) application of data to disease control and prevention
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goal of medical surveillance
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distribution of disease by person, place and time
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when a public health investigation is needed:
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# of ppl affected is large (or small and growing quickly),there are unusual or severe symptoms, obvious explanation for symptoms /condition is lacking,need to implement controls given the extent of illness,level of public concern about the health problem,results of investigation can contribute to medical knowledge
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