Pharmatheraputics Module 1

Front 1

Def- Study of effects of chemical substances on living tissue

Back 1

Pharmacology

Front 2

Def- The application of pharmacology to prevent or treat disease- 2 terms

Back 2

Pharmacotheraputics or clinical pharmacology

Front 3

What year was the Drug Regulation Reform Act passed?

Back 3

1906

Front 4

Def- Regulates perscription drugs in the US

Back 4

Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Front 5

This act was passed to protect the public by controlling the sales of drugs which were altered, dangerous, and falsely labeled.

Back 5

The Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906

Front 6

This was designed in 1906 as the official listings of all drugs legally available in the US

Back 6

US Pharmacopeia

Front 7

This was designed in 1906 as the official listing of all drugs available in the US

Back 7

The National Formulary

Front 8

Which amendment was passed to prohibit drug companies from making false claims about their products? What year was it passed?

Back 8

FDA-Sherley Amendment passed in 1912

Front 9

What act defined the legal term "Narcotic" and regulated the important, manufacturing and sale of opium, cocaine, and their derivatives? What year was this first narcotic act passed?

Back 9

The Harrison Narcotic Act passed in 1914

Front 10

What law enabled pharmaceutical companies to manufacture and market a drug under the generic name and to apply their own trade name once the patent held by the original manufacture expired. What year was this law passed?

Back 10

Generic Drug Law passed in 1984

Front 11

How many years and how much does it cost to bring a new drug to the market?

Back 11

14 years and can cost up to 980 million dollars

Front 12

How long is a patent usually granted for?

Back 12

13-17 years from the time the drug is invented.

Front 13

During this stage in the drug trial drugs are administered to animals

Back 13

Pre-clinical trials

Front 14

How many stages does the clinical trial on humans progress through?

Back 14

Four

Front 15

In this Phase the drug is given to a small number of healthy volunteers to determine the biological effects of the drug in humans and dosage ranges. This usually takes place in out-patient clinical research centers.

Back 15

Phase I

Front 16

In this stage the drug is only given to a small number of volunteers who have the disorder the drug is intended to treat

Back 16

Phase II

Front 17

In this phase the drug is perscribed to a large number of patients who have the disorder the drug is intended to treat. In this stage the drug may be compared with a placebo or with an established drug.

Back 17

Phase III

Front 18

After what stage can the pharmaceutical company submit a "new drug application"

Back 18

Phase III

Front 19

This phase is refered to as the post-marketing surveillance. During this phase adverse side effects may be encountered resulting in drug being pulled from the market. FDA and pharmecutical company revceive feedback from HCP.

Back 19

Phase IV

Front 20

What are the three main factors that clinical trials are currently surrounded by ethical issues?

Back 20

1) fewer people in america are volunteering for clinical trials
2) the pharmaceutical companies incur large research and development costs during all phases of the clinical trials
3) The FDA imposes rigid regulations on drug testing on humans.

Front 21

What three names are drugs given?

Back 21

1) chemical
2) generic
3) trade. brand or proprietary

Front 22

Which name can vary from company to company?

Back 22

brand name

Front 23

Def- Taking many drugs that interact with each other, one drug causes a reaction and another drug is given to treat

Back 23

Polypharmacy

Front 24

What are the FIVE "R"'s?

Back 24

Right Patient, Right Drug, Right Time, Right Route, Right Dose

Front 25

TRUE OR FALSE
Agency policies cannot be broader than the state nurse practice act.

Back 25

TRUE

Front 26

TRUE OR FALSE
The nurse is legally responsible for knowing the purpose, therapeutic effects and possible adverse effects of drugs administered.

Back 26

TRUE

Front 27

Is q.d. or Q.D. on the Do Not Use List?
If so what should be used?

Back 27

example of DO NOT USE;
"daily" or "every day" should be used

Front 28

Do Not USE?
q.o.d. , Q.O.D
What should be used?

Back 28

DO NOT USE; "every other day" should be used

Front 29

Do NOT USE?
U

Back 29

DO NOT USE;
"unit" should be used

Front 30

DO NOT USE?
IU

Back 30

DO NOT USE;
"INternational Unit" should be used

Front 31

DO NOT USE?
MS, MSO4

Back 31

DO NOT USE;
"morphine sulfate" should be used

Front 32

DO NOT USE?
MgSO4

Back 32

DO NOT USE;
'magnesium sulfate" should be used

Front 33

TRUE FALSE? always add a zero before a decimal point?

Back 33

TRUE; .6 should be recorded as 0.6

Front 34

TRUE FALSE? DO NOT ADD A DECIMAL POINT OR A ZERO AFTER A WHOLE NUMBER?

Back 34

TRUE ; 1.0mg should be written 1mg

Front 35

c.c.

Back 35

preferred abbreviation "mL" milliliter

Front 36

ug

Back 36

preferred abbreviation "mcg"
microgram

Front 37

>

Back 37

perferred write out 'greater than"

Front 38

<

Back 38

preferred write out "less than"

Front 39

TRUE FALSE? Drug abbreviations can be used?

Back 39

FALSE Write the whole word out

Front 40

Apothecary units should be replaced with what?

Back 40

metric units instead

Front 41

@

Back 41

write "at"

Front 42

cap

Back 42

Capsule

Front 43

dr

Back 43

dram

Front 44

elix

Back 44

elixir

Front 45

g,gm, G, GM

Back 45

gram

Front 46

gr

Back 46

grain

Front 47

gtt

Back 47

drops

Front 48

kg

Back 48

kilograms

Front 49

l,L

Back 49

liter

Front 50

m2

Back 50

square meter

Front 51

mcg, ug

Back 51

microgram

Front 52

mEq

Back 52

milliequivalent

Front 53

mg

Back 53

milligram

Front 54

mL, ml

Back 54

milliliter

Front 55

m, min

Back 55

minim

Front 56

oz

Back 56

ounce

Front 57

pt

Back 57

pint

Front 58

qt

Back 58

quart

Front 59

SR

Back 59

sustained release

Front 60

__
ss., ss

Back 60

one half

Front 61

supp

Back 61

suppository

Front 62

susp

Back 62

suspension

Front 63

T.O.

Back 63

telephone order

Front 64

T, tbsp

Back 64

tablespoon

Front 65

t, tsp

Back 65

teaspoon

Front 66

V.O.

Back 66

verbal order

Front 67

A.D. ad

Back 67

right ear

Front 68

A.S. as

Back 68

left ear

Front 69

A.U. au

Back 69

both ears

Front 70

ID

Back 70

intradermal

Front 71

IM

Back 71

intramuscular

Front 72

IV

Back 72

intravenous

Front 73

IVPB

Back 73

intravenous piggyback

Front 74

KVO

Back 74

keep vein open

Front 75

L

Back 75

left

Front 76

NGT

Back 76

nasogastric tube

Front 77

O.D. od

Back 77

right eye

Front 78

O.S. os

Back 78

left eye

Front 79

O.U. ou

Back 79

both eyes

Front 80

PO po os

Back 80

by mouth

Front 81

SC subc sc SQ subQ

Back 81

subcutaneous

Front 82

SL sl subl

Back 82

sublingual

Front 83

TKO

Back 83

to keep open

Front 84

Vag

Back 84

vaginal

Front 85

AC ac

Back 85

before meals

Front 86

ad lib

Back 86

as desired

Front 87

B.i.d b.i.d

Back 87

twice a day

Front 88

_
c

Back 88

with

Front 89

Hs

Back 89

hour of sleep

Front 90

NPO

Back 90

nothing by mouth

Front 91

PC pc

Back 91

after meals

Front 92

PRN p.r.n.

Back 92

whenever necessary, as needed

Front 93

Q

Back 93

every

Front 94

Oam

Back 94

every morning

Front 95

Qh

Back 95

every hour

Front 96

q2h

Back 96

every 2 hours

Front 97

q4h

Back 97

every 4 hours

Front 98

q6h

Back 98

every 6 hours

Front 99

q8h

Back 99

every 8 hours

Front 100

__
s

Back 100

without

Front 101

SOS

Back 101

once if necessary: if there is a need

Front 102

Stat

Back 102

immediately

Front 103

T.i.d t.i.d.

Back 103

three times a day

Front 104

adverse to fetus

Back 104

teratogenic

Front 105

No risk to fetus. Studies have not shown evidence of fetal harm

Back 105

A

Front 106

no risk in animal studies, and well controlled studies in pregnant women are not available. It is assumed there is little to no risk in pregnant women.

Back 106

B

Front 107

Animal studies indicate a risk to fetus. Controlled studies on pregnant women are not available. Risk versus benefit of the drug must be determined.

Back 107

C

Front 108

A risk to the human fetus has been proved. Risk versus benefit of the drug must be determined. It could be used in life-threatening conditions.

Back 108

D

Front 109

A risk to human fetus has been proved. Risk outweighs the benefit, and drug should be avoided during pregnancy.

Back 109

X

Front 110

PEG

Back 110

percutaneous endoscopic gastic tube

Front 111

PR

Back 111

rectal

Front 112

IVP

Back 112

intravenous push

Front 113

hs

Back 113

hour of sleep, bedtime

Front 114

cc

Back 114

cubic centimeter

Front 115

ss

Back 115

1/2

Front 116

I

Back 116

one

Front 117

V

Back 117

five

Front 118

X

Back 118

ten

Front 119

1 gram = _______ mg

Back 119

1000mg

Front 120

1mg=________mcg (ug)

Back 120

1000 mcg (ug)

Front 121

1 liter= _____mL

Back 121

1000mL

Front 122

1 meter (m) = _____ millimeters (mm) & = _______ centimeters (cm)

Back 122

1000 mm
100 cm

Front 123

1 cm= ___ mm

Back 123

10 mm

Front 124

1 grain (gr) = ___ or____ mg

Back 124

60 or 65

Front 125

15 or 16 grains (gr) = ____ grams (g, gm)

Back 125

1 gram

Front 126

16 ounces (oz) = ____ pounds (Ib)

Back 126

1 pound (lb)

Front 127

2.2 pounds = ___ kg

Back 127

1 kg

Front 128

1 inch = ___ cm

Back 128

2.54cm

Front 129

1 mL= ___to___ minims (m)

Back 129

15-16 minims

Front 130

1 dram (dr) = ___ mL

Back 130

4 mL

Front 131

1 ounce (oz) = ____ mL

Back 131

30 mL

Front 132

1 pint (pt)= ___mL

Back 132

500mL

Front 133

2 pints = ___ quart (qt)

Back 133

1 quart

Front 134

1 qt = ___ liters

Back 134

1 liter

Front 135

4 qt = ___ gallons

Back 135

1 gallon

Front 136

1 teaspoon =__ mL

Back 136

5 mL

Front 137

3 teaspoons =___ tbsp

Back 137

1 tbsp

Front 138

1 cup= ___oz

Back 138

8 oz

Front 139

8 oz = ____ mL

Back 139

240mL

Front 140

To calculate Fahrenheit to Celsius?

Back 140

(F-32) /1.8 = C

Front 141

To calculate Celsius to Fahrenheit?

Back 141

[ 1.8 (C) ] + 32 = F

Front 142

Opposite of intended effects

Back 142

Paradoxic

Front 143

pt knows options, benefits, cost, and signs consents, knows why med is being given verbal and written

Back 143

informed consent

Front 144

pt has the right to refuse medication, right to self determination.

Back 144

Autonimy

Front 145

an unintended unknown effect is presented after administration of a drug

Back 145

idiosencratic

Front 146

intended effect is presented after administration of a drug

Back 146

theraputic

Front 147

unintended but known side effect is presented after administration of a drug

Back 147

side effect

Front 148

problems occur which are major

Back 148

adverse effect

Front 149

too much drug administered in system severe adverse effect

Back 149

toxic