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314 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classes of anti-anginal medication
|
Nitrates
Beta Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers |
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|
How do Nitrates work for anti-angina?
|
They relax smooth muscle which relaxes the blood vessels and allows more blood to the area which ends ischemia and makes the pain go away.
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Nitroglycerine
|
nitrate
anti-anginal |
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Nitropatch
|
nitrate
anti-anginal |
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Isordil
|
nitrate
anti-anginal also vasodilator |
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Beta Blockers
|
Beta adrenergic drugs.
Block epinephrine decrease heart rate decrease bp decrease cardiac output |
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|
Inderal (propanolol)
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Beta blocker
anti-anginal also anti-arrhythmic also anti-hypertensive |
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Lopressor
|
beta blocker
anti-anginal also anti-hypertensive |
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atenolol
|
beta blocker
anti-anginal also anti-hypertensive |
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calcium channel blockers
|
block calcium channels
anti-anginal |
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nifedipine (procardia)
|
calcium channel blocker
anti anginal |
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verapamil (calon)
|
calcium channel blocker
anti anginal |
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diltiazem (cardizem)
|
calcium channel blocker
anti anginal |
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Anti-arrhythmics
|
lidocaine
procainamide (pronestyl) quinidine amiodarone inderal (propranolol) lanoxin (digoxin) lopressor |
|
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Lidocaine
|
anti arrhythmic
increases electrical stimulus threshold of ventricle |
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procainamide (pronestyl)
|
anti arrhythmic
depresses muscular excitability and slows down contractility |
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quinidine
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anti arrhythmic
slows contractility |
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amiodarone
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anti-arrhythmics
used for abnormal RATE |
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inderal (propranolol)
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anti-arrhythmic
also beta blocker |
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lanoxin (digoxin)
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anti arrrythmic
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lopressor
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anti-arrhythmic
beta blocker antianginal |
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anti-hypertensives
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beta blockers
calcium channel blockers ace inhibitors diuretics apresoline |
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beta blockers for anti hypertension
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being replaced by ace inhibitors
inderal lopressor atenolol |
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calcium channel blockers for anti hypertension
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nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem
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ace inhibitors for anti hypertension
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captopril, lisinopril
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Diuretics for anti-hypertension
|
blocks aldosterone so that water is not retained therefore lowers blood pressure
diuril, aldodril, lasix, aldactone (spironaolactone), aldomet |
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apresoline
|
don't know how it works but it is an anti-hypertensive
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diuril
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diuretic
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aldodril
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diuretic
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lasix
|
diuretic
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aldactone (spironolactone)
|
diuretic
|
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anti- congestive heart failure drugs
|
ace inhibitors
glycosides inotropic agents diuretics |
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Glycosides
|
steroid nucleus with a lactone ring from the fox glove plant. increases cintraction by reducing refractory preiod to av node
Lanoxin (Digoxin) |
|
|
inotropic agents for anti-congestive heart failure
|
lanoxin
isuprel dobutamine dopamine |
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Vasopressors
|
slows the heart rate which increases the heart SV
neosynephrine, levophed, isuprel, aramine |
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vasodilators
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increases heart rate which increases cardiac output
aminophyline isordil apresoline dopamine |
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neosynephrine
|
vasopressors
|
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levophed
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vasopressor
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isuprel
|
vasopressor
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aramine
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vasopressor
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aminophyline
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vasoldilator
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isordil
|
vasodilator
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apresoline
|
vasoldilator
|
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dopamine
|
vasodilator
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Antibiotic classes
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aminoglycosides
penicillins cephalosporins macrolides tetracyclines sulfonamides cloramphenicol polypeptide antibiotic quinolones tb drugs mycotic agents protozoan (pcp) antiviral |
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|
aminoglycosides
|
amino sugars with glycoside linkage. impairs protein synthesis by binding with 30s ribosome of bacteria. used for gram negative like coliforms (enterobacter, klebsiella)
neomycin streptomycin gentamicin tobramycin kanamycin amikacin |
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|
neomycin
|
aminoglycoside
antibiotic |
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streptomycin
|
aminoglycoside
antibiotic |
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genatamicin
|
aminoglycosides
antibiotics |
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tobramycin
|
aminoglycosides
antibiotics |
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kanamycin
|
aminoglycosides
antibiotic |
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amikacin
|
aminoglycosides
antibiotics |
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Sulfanilamide is
|
a sulfonamide antibiotic
first one discovered discovered in 1936 |
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Penicillins
|
beta lactam fused structure
works by affecting cell wall formation used for gram positive infections PV or PO pen g pen vee |
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Penicillinase resistant penicillins
|
penicillase will split beta lactam
these can be used instead methicillin oxacillin nafcillin dicloxacillin amoxicillin |
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pen v
|
penicillin
antibiotic |
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pen g
|
penicillin
antibiotic |
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methicillin
|
penicillinase resistant penicillin
|
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oxacillin
|
penicllinase resistant penicillin
|
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nafcillin
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penicillinase resistant penicllin
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dicloxacillin
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penicillinase resistant penicllin
|
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amoxicillin
|
penicllinase resistant penicillin
|
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extended spectrum penicillins
|
can affect both gram positive and gram negative
ampicillin carbenicillin mezlocillin |
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ampicillin
|
extended spectrum penicillin
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carbenicillin
|
extended spectrum penicillin
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mezlocillin
|
extended spectrum penicillin
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cephalosporins
|
inhibits cell wall formation
can be used if a patient is allergic/resistant to pencillin mainly used on positives but also on negatives ceftin cefamandole cefoxitin (cefizax) cephalothin keflex kefzol |
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kefzol
|
1st generation cephalosporin
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ceftin
|
cephalosporin
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cefamandole
|
cephalosporin
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cefoxitin (cefizax)
|
cephalosporin
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cephalothin
|
cephalosporins
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keflex
|
cephalosporin
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macrolides
|
big structures similar to penicillin
have lactone ring erythromycin azithromycin |
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erythromycin
|
macrolides
used for legionella pneumophila |
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azithromycin
|
macrolide
|
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tetracyclines
|
semi-synthetic drug
comes from streptamyces minocin vibramycin doxycycline tetracycline |
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minocin
|
tetracycline
antibiotic |
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vibramycin
|
tetracycline
antibiotic |
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doxycycline
|
tetracycline
antibiotic |
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tetracycline
|
tetracycline
antibiotic |
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sulfonamides
|
broad spectrum antibiotics
gantrisin bactrim septra sulfanilamide azulfidine |
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gantrisin
|
sulfonamides
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bactrim
|
sulfonamides
broad spectrum |
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septra
|
sulfonamides
broad spectrum |
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sulfanilamide
|
sulfonamide
|
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azulfidine
|
sulfonamide
broad spectrum |
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chloraphenicol
|
the 1st broad range antibiotic
used to come from the fungus actinomyces but now synthetically created blocks amino acid in rna from getting to the ribosome |
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|
chloromycetin
|
the 1st broad range antibiotic
used to come from the fungus actinomyces but now synthetically created blocks amino acid in rna from getting to the ribosome |
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|
polypeptide antibiotic
|
bacitracin
neosporin vancomycin(vancocin) |
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bacitracin
|
polypeptide antibiotic
|
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neosporin
|
polypeptide antibiotic
|
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quinolones
|
new generation of antibiotics
cipro (ciprofloxacin) cinoxacin norfloxacin enoxacin |
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cipro (ciprofloxacin)
|
quinolones
new generation of antibiotics |
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cinoxacin
|
quinolones
new generation of antibiotics |
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norfloxacin
|
quinolones
new generation of antibiotics |
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enoxacin
|
quinolones
new generation of antibiotics |
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tb drugs
|
isoniazid (inh)--c6h7n3o
rifampin pas (paramino salycilic acid) ethambutol pyrazinanimide rifamate (inh and rifampin) |
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isoniazid
|
tb drug
c6h7n3o |
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rifampin (pas)
|
tb drugs
|
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ethambutol
|
tb drugs
|
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pyrazinanimide
|
tb drugs
|
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rifamate (inh and rifampin)
|
tb drugs
|
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mycotic agents
|
antifungus drugs
amphotericin b nystatin mycelex |
|
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amphotericin b
|
mycotic agent
anti fungus |
|
|
nystatin
|
mycotic agent
antifungus |
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mycelex
|
mycotic agent
antifungus agent |
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protozoan drugs for PCP (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)
|
pentamidine
flagyl usually in immunocompromised |
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pentamidine
|
protozoan drug for pcp
|
|
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flagyl
|
protozoan for pcp
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antiviral
|
acyclovir (zovirax) herpes
azt (azidothymidine) HIV ddi-dideoxyinosine (retrovir-zidovudine) |
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acyclovir (zovirax) herpes
|
antiviral
|
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azt (azidothymidine) hiv
|
antiviral
|
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ddi-dideoxyinosine (retrovir-zidovudine)
|
anti viral
|
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psychosis
|
any major mental disorder of organic or emotional origin marked by derangement of personality and loss of contact with reality. associated with delusions, hallucinations, or illusions
schizophrenia major depression bipolar mood disorder paranoia |
|
|
schizophrenia
|
haldol
trilafon navane proloxin thorazine risperadal clorazil |
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major depression
|
tofranil
elavil norpramin nardil parnate zoloft paxil prozac effexor serzone |
|
|
bipolar mood disorder
|
lithium
depakote tegretol |
|
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anxiety disorder
|
valium
librium ativan xanax |
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panic disorder
|
tofranil
xanax klonopin paxil |
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
|
prozac
anafranil luvox zoloft |
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haldol
|
schizophrenia
|
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trilafon
|
schizophrenia
|
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navane
|
schizophrenia
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prolixin
|
schizophrenia
|
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thorazine
|
schizophrenia
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risperdal
|
schizophrenia
|
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clozaril
|
schizophrenia
|
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tofranil
|
major depression
panic disorder |
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elavil
|
major depression
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norpramin
|
major depression
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nardil
|
major depression
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parnate
|
major depression
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zoloft
|
major depression
obsessive compulsive disorder |
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paxil
|
major depression
panic disorder |
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prozac
|
major depression
obsessive compulsive disorder |
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effexor
|
major depression
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serzone
|
major depression
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lithium
|
bipolar mood disorder
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depakote
|
bipolar mood disorder
|
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tegretol
|
bipolar mood disorder
|
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valium
|
anxiety disorder
|
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librium
|
anxiety disorder
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ativan
|
anxiety disorder
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xanax
|
anxiety disorder
|
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klonopin
|
anxiety disorder
|
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anafranil
|
obsessive compulsive disoder
|
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luvox
|
obsessive compulsive disorder
|
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acetaminophen
|
tylenol
|
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acetylsalicylic acid
|
aspirin
|
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actinomycin D
|
cosmegen
|
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allopurinol
|
zyloprim
for gout |
|
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amphotericin b
|
fungizone
antibiotic for fungus |
|
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bleomycin
|
blenoxane
|
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cisplatin
|
platinol
|
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cyclophosphamide
|
cytoxan
|
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|
diethylstilbestrol
|
des
|
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fluorouracil
|
adrucil
efludex 5-fu |
|
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haloperidol
|
haldol
|
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lidocaine hcl
|
xylocaine
|
|
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methotrexate
|
mexate
|
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|
mithramycin
|
mithracin
calcium antibiotic |
|
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nitrogen mustard
|
mustargen
|
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nystatin
|
mycostatin
|
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platinum
|
platinol
|
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prednisone
|
deltasone
orasone anti-inflammatory |
|
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procarbazine
|
matulane
|
|
|
quinacrine
|
atabrine
|
|
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tamoxifen citrate
|
nolvadex
|
|
|
testosterone propionate
|
oral-oreton
inj neo-honbreol |
|
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tetracycline
|
achromycin
sumycin |
|
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vinblastine
|
velban
|
|
|
vncristine
|
oncovin
|
|
|
ak
|
above the knee
|
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ashd
|
arteriosclerotic heart disease
|
|
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abd
|
abdomen
|
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@
|
at
|
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bid
|
twice a day
|
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bs
|
bowel sounds
breath sounds |
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bm
|
bowel movement
bone marrow |
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|
bph
|
benign prostatic hypertrophy
|
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cbc
|
complete blood count
|
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ck
|
creatinine phosphokinase
|
|
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cva
|
cerebral vascular accident
|
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cc
|
chief complaint
|
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c/o
|
complains of
|
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cxr
|
chest x ray
|
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c&s
|
culture and sensitivity
|
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djd
|
degenerative joint disease
|
|
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dx
|
diagnosis
|
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dtr
|
deep tendon reflex
|
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ecg
|
electrocardiogram
|
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eeg
|
electroencephalograph
|
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fx
|
fracture
|
|
|
fh
fmh |
family medical history
|
|
|
gm
|
gram or grams
|
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hpi
|
history of present illnes
|
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hx
|
history
|
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heent
|
head
ears eyes nose throat |
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iv
|
intravenous
|
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ivc
|
intravenous colangiogram
|
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lytes
|
electrolytes
|
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npo
|
nothing by mouth
|
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n&v
|
nausea and vomitting
|
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pe
|
physical examination
|
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prn
|
as needed
|
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pt
|
patient
|
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|
po
|
by mouth
|
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qd
|
every day
|
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r/o
|
rule out
|
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ros
|
review of systems
|
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|
rx
|
treatment
|
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|
sgot
ast |
serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
|
|
|
s/p
|
status post
|
|
|
tia
|
transient ischemic attack
|
|
|
u/a
|
urinalysis
|
|
|
ugi
|
upper gi series
|
|
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vs
|
vital signs
|
|
|
wnl
|
within normal limits
|
|
|
Clinical History components for autopsy
|
1. chief complaint
2. present illness 3. past medical and social history 4. family history 5. physical examination 6. clinical impression 7. laboratory data and hospital course 8. summary |
|
|
wbc
|
3.5-12 thousand/mm3
|
|
|
rbc
|
4.5-6.2 million/mm3
|
|
|
hgb
|
13.4-17.7 gm/dl
|
|
|
hct
|
40-53%
|
|
|
mvc
|
80-97 u3
|
|
|
mch
|
27-32 uugm
|
|
|
mchc
|
32-36 gm/dl
|
|
|
plt
|
150-420 thousand/mm3
|
|
|
polys
|
45-80%
|
|
|
bands
|
1-7%
|
|
|
lymphs
|
20-40%
|
|
|
atyp lymphs
|
0-7%
|
|
|
mono
|
2-15%
|
|
|
eo
|
0-5%
|
|
|
baso
|
0-1%
|
|
|
retics
|
0.5-2.7%
|
|
|
meta
|
0-1%
|
|
|
cl
|
100-110 MEQ/L
|
|
|
co2
|
20-30 mmol/l
|
|
|
k
|
3.5-5 meq/l
|
|
|
na
|
135-145 meq/l
|
|
|
bun
|
7-25 mg/dl
|
|
|
glu
|
65-109 mg/dl
|
|
|
tp
|
6.0-8.5 gm/dl
|
|
|
alb
|
3.5-5.0 gm/dl
|
|
|
ca
|
8.5-10.5 mg/dl
|
|
|
phos
|
2.5-5.0 mg/dl
|
|
|
t chol
|
60-200 mg/dl
|
|
|
uric acid
|
3.3-8.7 mg/dl
|
|
|
creatinine
|
0.5-1.5 mg/dl
|
|
|
d bili
|
0-0.3 mg/dl
|
|
|
t bili
|
0-1.6 mg/dl
|
|
|
alk phos
|
30-115 u/l
|
|
|
ldh
|
90-270 u/l
|
|
|
sgot ast
|
10-45 u/l
|
|
|
sgpt alt
|
7-52 u/l
|
|
|
trigly
|
0-200 mg/dl
|
|
|
ck
|
30-223 u/l
|
|
|
amylase
|
20-105 u/l
|
|
|
lipase
|
11-82 u/l
|
|
|
psa
|
0-4.0 ng/ml
|
|
|
hdl
|
greater than 35 mg/dl
|
|
|
ldl
|
0-160 mg/dl
|
|
|
fda
|
food and drug adminstration
legal responsibility over drugs |
|
|
usp
|
unites states pharmacopeia
is the drug clinically useful is it availlable in pure form |
|
|
national formulary
|
what are the purity standards?
|
|
|
end in mycin
|
came from streptomyces
|
|
|
ends in micin
|
comes from micromonospora
|
|
|
insulin
|
discovered in banting lab
2 polypeptide chains made up of 48 aa |
|
|
NPH (neutral solution of protamine zinc from hagedorn's lab)
|
slows down action of insulin
|
|
|
type II diabetic meds
|
diabinase
glucotrol micronase |
|
|
Alka-Seltzer
|
bicarbonate antacid
|
|
|
amphogel
|
aluminum antacid
|
|
|
milk of magnesia
|
magnesium antacid
|
|
|
maalox
|
combined antacid
|
|
|
ripan
|
combined antacid
|
|
|
rioan
|
combined antacid
|
|
|
riopan
|
combined antacid
|
|
|
gelusil
|
combined antacid
|
|
|
combined antacids
|
maalox
riopan gelusil |
|
|
antacids
|
alka seltzer
milk of magnesia amphogel maalox riopan gelusil |
|
|
anti-spasmodics
|
bella donna group
atropine donnatal loperamide |
|
|
bella donna group
|
anti-spasmodics
from atropine prototype |
|
|
atropine
|
anti-spasmodic
|
|
|
donnatal
|
anti-spasmodic
|
|
|
loperamide
|
anti-spasmodics
ibs |
|
|
purgatives or cathatrics
|
metamucil
colace milk of magnesia |
|
|
metamucil
|
purgative
|
|
|
colace
|
purgative
|
|
|
milk of magnesia
|
purgatives
|
|
|
lactulose
|
to combat hepatic encephalopathy
|
|
|
anti-nauseants
|
dramamine
trilafon thorazine compazine |
|
|
dramamine
|
anti-nausea
|
|
|
trifalon
|
anti-nausea
also anti psychotics cns depressant |
|
|
thorazine
|
anti-nausea
also antipsychotic cns depressant |
|
|
compazine
|
anti nausea
also antipsychotic cns depressant |
|
|
barbituate
|
pentathol
seconal nembutol |
|
|
pentathol
|
barbituate
|
|
|
seconal
|
barbituate
|
|
|
nembutol
|
barbituate
|
|
|
non barbituate
|
valmid
dariden chloral hydrate paraldehyde |
|
|
valmid
|
non barbituate
|
|
|
dariden
|
non barbituate
|
|
|
chloral hydrate
|
non barbituate
|
|
|
paraldehyde
|
non barbituate
|
|
|
anorexics
|
amphetamines-- benzedrine, dexedrine
|
|
|
benzedrine
|
anorexics
|
|
|
dexedrine
|
anorexic
|
|
|
corticosteroids
|
cortisone
prednisone aldosterone |
|
|
cortisone
|
corticosteroids
|
|
|
prednisone
|
corticosteroids
|
|
|
aldosterone
|
corticosteroid
|
|
|
strong analgesic
|
opium
morphine demerol levo-dromoran talwin all narcotics except talwin |
|
|
mild analgesic
|
codeine
darvon zactene aspirin |
