Pharmacy Main Receptors (Acetylcholine Involved Drugs

Front 1

Acetylcholine: Major Functions

Back 1

1) Excitatory Neurotransmitter at Neuromuscular Junctions and Peripheral Nervous System
2) Anti-Excitatory Neurotransmitter in cardiac tissue and Central Nervous System

Front 2

Acetylcholine: Synthesis

Back 2

Choline + Choline Acetyltransferase + Acetyl-CoA = Acetylcholine

Front 3

Aceylcholine: Breakdown

Back 3

Acetylcholine + Acetylcholinesterase = Choline + Acetate

(Acetylcholinesterase aka cholinesterase)

Front 4

Nicotinic Receptor: Activated by

Back 4

Activated by Acetylcholine AND Nicotine

Front 5

Nicotinic Receptor: Major Function

Back 5

Rapid Neural and Neuromuscular Transmission

Front 6

Nicotinic Receptor: Drug Name and Function

Back 6

1) Name: Hexamethonium
2) Function: Nicotinic Antagonist Blocks rapid neural/neuromuscular transmission

Front 7

M1, M2, M3 Receptors: Key Words/Phrases

Back 7

Key Words: M = Muscarinic, Cholinergic = Acetylcholine, Parasympathetic, Central Nervous Sysystem, Enteric (intestinal) Nervous System. Makes You Leaky

Front 8

M1, M2, M3 Receptors: Main Function

Back 8

1) Decrease: Heart Rate, Contractility of atria.

2) Increase:
Eye: Pupillary Sphincter Contraction: Miosis. Ciliary Muscle Contraction: Accommodation
Exocrine Gland Secretion: Saliva, Sweat and Gastric Acid
Lungs: Bronchoconstriction
Gastrointestinal: peristalsis,
Genitourinary: bladder contraction,

Front 9

M1, M2, M3 Receptors:
Two Types
a)Drug Types, b) Key Phrases, c) Function

Back 9

1) a) Cholinomimetics b) Makes You Leaky c) Activates M receptor by resembling acetylcholine.

2) a) Muscarinic Antagonist b) Makes you LESS Leaky 3) Deactivates Actylcholinesterase

Front 10

Cholinomimetics: Direct Agonists "Bet Me Carb Pills"

Back 10

"Bet Me Carb Pills":
Bethanechol
Methacholine
Carbachol
Pilocarpine

Front 11

Bethanechol:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Clinical Application

Back 11

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Direct Agonist
2) Action: "Beth Anne, Call me if you want to activate your bowls and Bladder." Activates Bowel and Bladder. Resistant to AChE (acetylcholinesterase aka cholinesterase - breaksdown acetylcholine)
3) Clinical Application: Postoperative and Neurogenic ileus and urinary retention.

Front 12

Methacholine:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Clinical Application

Back 12

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Direct Agonist
2) Action: Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway when inhaled. (Bronchoconstriction)
3) Clinical Application: Challenge test for diagnosis of asthma.

Front 13

Carbachol:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Clinical Application

Back 13

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Direct Agonist
2) Action: Miosis and Increased aqueous humor outflow
3) Clinical Application: Glaucoma (via release of intraocular pressure), pupillary contraction,

Front 14

Pilocarpine:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Clinical Application

Back 14

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Direct Agonist
2) Action: Contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle glaucoma); resistant to Acetylcholinesterase aka cholinesterase-breaks down acetylcholine
3) Clinical Application: PILE on sweat and tears. Stimulator of sweat, tears, saliva

Front 15

Cholinomimetics: Indirect Agonists
1) Key Word
2) Drug Name Ending (2 exceptions)
3) List of Drugs "No PEPE!"

Back 15

1) Key Word: Anticholinesterase
2) Drug Name Ending: "Stigmine" (Exception: Edrophonium, Echothiophate)
3) List of Drugs: "No PEPE!": Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine Edrophonium, Physostigmine, Echothiophate,

Front 16

Neostigmine:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Does it go to Central Nervous System
4) Clinical Application

Back 16

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Indirect Agonist
2) Action: Increase Acetylcholine (ACh) (breaksdown cholinesterase, which breaks down ACh), no Central Nervous System penetration.
3) NEO Central Nervous Sysystem = NO Central Nervous System
4) Clinical Application: Postoperative and Neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postoperative)

Front 17

Pyridostigmine:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Does it go to Central Nervous System
4) Clinical Application

Back 17

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Indirect Agonist
2) Action: Increase Acetylcholine (ACh)
3) NO Central Nervous System,
4) Clinical Application: "Rid of Myasthenia Gravis" (Myastenia gravis antibodies block acetylcholine receptors [M and N]) Reduces the amount of acetylcholinesterases. (Long acting)

Front 18

Edrophonium:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Does it go to the Central Nervous System
4) Clinical Application
5) Name of diagnostic Test

Back 18

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Indirect Agonist
2) Action: Increase Acetylcholine
3) NO Central Nervous System
4) Clinical Application: Diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis (short acting)
5) Tensilon Test)

Front 19

Physostigmine:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Does it go to the central nervous system
4) Clinical Application

Back 19

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Indirect Agonist
2) Action: Increases Acetylcholine
3) YES Central Nervous System
4) Clinical Application: PHYS for EYES: Glaucoma, Atropine Overdose

Front 20

Echothiophate:
1) Drug Type
2) Action
3) Does it go to the central nervous system
4) Clinical Application

Back 20

1) Drug Type: Cholinomimetic, Indirect Agonist
2) Action: Increase Acetylcholine
3) Yes Central Nervous system
4) Clinical Application: Glaucoma

Front 21

Cholinesterase Inhibitor Poisoning:
1) Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors:
2) Symptoms: DUMBBLESS
3) Antidote

Back 21

1) Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Parathion (insecticide) and Organophosphates (Sarin)
2) Symptoms: DUMBBLESS: Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Brochospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle/central nervous system, Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation
3) Antidote: Atropine (Muscarinic Antagonist) + Pralidoxime (chemical antagonist that regenerates active cholinesterases)

Front 22

Muscarinic Antagonists:
1) Key Phrase
2) Function
3) Main Drug Name Hint

Back 22

1) Key Phrase: Makes you LESS Leaky.
2) Parasympathetic Inhibition
3) "Trop"

Front 23

Muscarinic Antagonist:
1) Drugs Treating Eyes
2) Application

Back 23

1) Atropine, homatropine, tropicamide
2) Produces mydriasis (dilated pupils) and cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscle, loss of accommodation)

Front 24

Muscarinic Antagonist:
1) Drugs Treating Central Nervous System
2) Application

Back 24

1) Benztropine, Scopolamine
2) Benztropine: Parkinson's Disease (PARK my BENZ); Scopolamine: Motion Sickness

Front 25

Muscarinic Antagonist:
1) Drugs Treating Respiratory Tract
2) Application

Back 25

1) IPRAtropium
2) Asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) (I PRAy I can breath soon)

Front 26

Muscarinic Antagonist:
1) Drugs Treating Genitourinary Tract
2) Application

Back 26

1) Oxybuynin, glycopyrrolate
2) Reduces urgency in mild cystitis and reduces bladder spasms

Front 27

Muscarinic Antagonist:
1) Drugs Treating Gastrointestinal Tract
2) Application

Back 27

1) Methscopolamine, pirenzepine, propantheline
2) Peptic Ulcer Treatment

Front 28

Atropine
1) Type of Drug
2) Organ System Affect

Back 28

1) Drug Type: Muscarinic Antagonist
2) Organ System:
a) Eye: Increase Pupil Dilation, cycloplegia
b) Airway: Decrease secretion
c) Stomach: Decrease Acid Secretion
d) Gut: Decrease Motility
e) Bladder (Decrease urgency in cystitis)

Front 29

Atropine:
1) Side Effects "Chant" and explanation

Back 29

Hot as a hare (increased body temperature and pulse)
Dry as a bone (Dry mouth)
Red as a beet (Flushed Skin)
Blind as a bat (Cycloplegia)
Mad as a hatter (Disorientation)
Bloated as a toad (Constipation)

Front 30

Atropine Toxicity

Back 30

1) Elderly: May cause acute angle-closure glaucoma
2) Men with Prostatic Hyperplasia: Urinary retention
3) Infants: Hyperthermia

Front 31

Dopamine 1 and 2 Receptor: Function

Back 31

Function: Relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle (increasing circulation to kidney). Modulates transmitter release, especially in the brain

Front 32

Drug: Dopamine
1) Selectivity
2) Applications

Back 32

1) D1=D2 > Beta>alpha, inotropic and chronotropic
Inotropic (Force of muscle contraction), Chronotropic (affecting heart rate)
2) Applications: Shock (increases renal perfusion), heart failure (increase heart rate and force of pump)

Front 33

Histamine 1 Receptors: Function

Back 33

Increase nasal and bronchial mucus production
Increase contraction of bronchioles
Pruritus (itching) and pain

Front 34

Histamine 2 Receptors: Function

Back 34

Increased gastric secretion

Front 35

Vasopressin 1 Receptor: Function

Back 35

Increase vascular smooth muscular contraction

Front 36

Vasopressin 2 Receptor Function

Back 36

Increase Water permeability and reabsorption in collecting tubules of kidney (V2 is found in 2 Kidneys)