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540 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aden/o
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gland
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agglutin/o
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clumping, gluing
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bas/o
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base
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blast/o
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embryonic cell
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chrom/o
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color
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eosin/o
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dawn
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erythr/o
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red
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granul/o
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granule
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hem/o
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blood
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hemat/o
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blood
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immun/o
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immune, immunity, safe
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kary/o
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nucleus
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nucle/o
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nucleus
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leuk/o
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white
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lympahden/o
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lymph gland
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lymph/o
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lymph
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lymphangi/o
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lymph vessel
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morph/o
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form, shape, structure
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neutr/o
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netural, neither
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phag/o
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swallowing, eating
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plas/o
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formation, growth
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poikil/o
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varied, irregular
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reticul/o
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net, mest
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ser/o
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serum
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sider/o
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iron
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spen/o
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spleen
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thromb/o
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blood clot
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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xen/o
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foreign, strange
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~blast
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embryonic cell
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~emia
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blood condition
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~globin
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protein
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~graft
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transplantation
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~osis
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abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
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~penia
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decrease, deficincey
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~phil
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attraction for
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~phoresis
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carrying, transmission
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~phylaxis
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protection
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~poiesis
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formation, production
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~stasis
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standing still
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a~
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without, not
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allo~
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other, differing from the normal
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aniso~
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unequal, dissimilar
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iso~
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same, equal
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macro~
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large
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micro~
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small
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mono~
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one
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poly~
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many, much
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anisocytosis
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condition of marked variation in the size of erythrocytes when observed on a blood smear
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ascites
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accumulation of serious fluid in the periotneal or pleural cavity
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bacteremia
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presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream usually transient in nature
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graft rejection
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destruction of a transplanted organ or tissue by the recipient's immune system
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graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
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condition that occurs following bone marrow transplant in which the immne cells in the transplanted marrow produce antibodies against the host's tissues
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hematoma
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localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel
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hemoglobinopathy
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any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecure
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hemolysis
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destruction of RBCs with a relase of hemoglobin that diffuses into the surrounding fluid
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hemostasis
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arrest of bleeding or circulation
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active immunity
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immunity produced by the person's own immune system
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passive immunity
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immunity in which antibodies or other immune substances formed in one individual are transferred to another individual to provide immediate, temporary immunity
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lymphadenopathy
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any disease of the lymph nodes
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lymphosarcom
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malignant neoplastic disorder of lymphatic tissue
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septicemia
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serious, life-threatening bloodstream infection that may arise from other infections throughout the body, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, meningits, or infections of the bone or GI tract, also called blood infection or blood poisoning
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serology
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laboratory test to detect the presence of antibodies, antigens, or immune substances
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titer
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blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in blood; commonly used as an indicator of immune status
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complete blood count (CBC)
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Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
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differential count (diff)
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series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; RBC, WBC and platelet counts; differetial WBC count; RBC indices; and RBC and WBC morphology
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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measurement of the distance RBCs settle to the bottom of a test tube under standardized condition; also called sed rate
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partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
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test that measures the length of time it tkes blood to clot. It screens for deficiences of some clotting factors and monitors the effectivess of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy; also called activated partial thromboplastins time (APPT)
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prothrombin time (PT)
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test that measures the time it takes for the plasma portion of blood to clot. It is used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system; also called pro time.
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Schilling test
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test used to assess the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 by the digestive system
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Arterial Blood Gas
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pH/pCO2/p02
7.4/40/100 |
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Mean Corpuscular Volume
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MCV
76-100 |
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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
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MCHC
33-36 |
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Mean Cell Hemoglobin
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Mean Cell Hemoglobin
27-33 |
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Red Blood Cells (Female)
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RBC
3.5-5 x 10^6/mm3 |
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Red Blood Cells (Male)
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RBC
4.3-5.9 x 10^6mm3 |
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Albumin
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4-6 g/dL
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Aspartate Aminotransferase
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AST
0-35 U/L |
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Alanine Aminotransferase
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ALT
0-65 U/L |
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Alkalkaline Phosphatase
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ALT
30-120 U/L |
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Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (Female)
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GGT
0-40 U/L |
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Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (Male)
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GGT
0-85 U/L |
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Creatine Kinase (Female)
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CK
0-190 U/L |
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Creatine Kinase (Male)
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CK
0-235 U/L |
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Troponin T, I, C
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<0-0.4 ng/mL
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Lactate Dehydrogenase
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LDH
90-200 U/L |
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Uric Acid (Female)
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2.5-6 mg/dL
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Uric Acid (Male)
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3.5-8 mg/dL
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Prostate specific antigen
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PSA
<4.0 ng/mL |
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WBC differential: Neutrophils
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57-67%
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WBC differential: Lymphocytes
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25-33%
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WBC differential: Monophils
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3-7%
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WBC differential: Eosinophils
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1-3%
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WBC differential: Basophils
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0-1%
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Amoxicillin
Whats the brand name? Drug Class Pharmacological Category |
Amoxil
ID Penicillin |
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What is Amoxicillin FDA Indications
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Otitis media, upper respiratory infection, gonorhea, helicobacter pylori, skin/soft tissue infection, lower respiratory infection, pharyngitis
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What is Amoxicillin Dosage form
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Capsule: 250, 500 mg
Tablet: 500, 875 mg Tablet chew: 125, 200, 250, 400 mg Suspension: 125, 200, 250, 400 mg/5 ml |
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What is Amoxicllin Select Dosing
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Adult: 250 to 875 mg Q8 to Q12h
Pediatric: up to 90 mg/kg/day in 2 to 3 divided doses |
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What are amoxicllin Adverse Events
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Common: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Serious: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylaxis
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What are amoxicllin absolute contradictions?
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Allergy to penicillins
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What are warnings and precautions for amoxil?
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Allergy to cephalo-sporins, mononucleosis
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MOA of Amoxil
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Bactericidal
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What is Patient Education/Special Instructions for Amoxil
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Drug may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives with concurrent use. Additional birth control recommended. Shake suspension well before each dose. Store suspension in refrigerator.
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What is Amoxicillin Trihydrate/Potassium Clavulanate Brand name? Drug Class? Pharmacological category?
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Augmentin
ID Penicillin |
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Augmentin FDA Indication(s)
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Otitis media, upper respiratory infection, skin/soft tissue infection, lower respiratory infection, community acquired pneumonia
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Augmentin Dosage Forms
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Tablet: 250/125, 500/125, 875/125 mg
Tablet Chew: 200/28.5, 400/57 mg TabER: 1000/62.5mg Suspension: 125/31.25, 200/28.5, 250/62.5, 400/57, 600/42.5 mg per 5 ml |
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Augmentin Select Dosing
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Adult: 250 to 875 mg Q8 to Q12h, up to 2 grams Q12h for CAP or sinusitis Pediatric: up to 90 mg/kg/day in 2 to 3 divided doses
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Augmentin Select Adverse Events
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Common: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting (especialy with high doses of clavulanate) Serious: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylaxis, hepatic dysfunction
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Augmentin Absolute Contraindications
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Allergy to penicillins, severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 ml/min)
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Augmentin Warnings and Precautions
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Allergy to cephalo-sporins, mononucleosis, hepatic dysfunction
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Augmentin mOA
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Bactericidal and beta-lactamase inhibitor.
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Augmentin Patient Education/Special Instructions
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Drug may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives with concurrent use. Additional birth control recommended. Take dose at start of meal. Shake suspension well before each dose. Store suspension in refrigerator.
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Moxifloxacin Brand name? Drug Class? Pharmacological category?
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Avalox
ID Quinolone |
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Moxifloxacin FDA Indication(s)
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Infection associated with COPD, conjuntivitis, sinusitis, abdominal infection, skin/soft tissue infection, community acquired pneumonia, complicated UTI
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Moxifloxacin Dosage Forms
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Tablet: 400 mg IV Soln: 400mg/250ml Ophth Soln: 0.5%
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Moxifloxacin Select Dosing
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Adult: 400 mg Q24h Pediatric: oral and IV not indicated.
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Moxifloxacin Select Adverse Events
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Common: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Serious: tendon rupture, prolonged QT interval, seizures, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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Moxifloxacin Absolute Contraindications
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Allergy to quinolones
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Moxifloxacin Warnings and Precautions
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CNS disorders that lower the seizure threshold, proarrhythmic conditions that increase the risk of QT prolongation
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Moxifloxacin Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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anti-psychotic drugs (ie, mesoridazine, pimozide thioridazine, ziprasidone) that increase the QT. Anti-arrhythimc drugs (ie, dronedarone) that increase the QT.
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Moxifloxacin Mechanism of Action
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Bactericidal
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Moxifloxacin Patient Education/Special Instructions
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May cause sunburn and sun sensitivity. Report heart palpitations, severe rash / blistering. Ophthalmic: avoid contacts during treatment, allow 5 minutes between instilling other meds
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SMZ/TMP Brand name? Drug Class? Pharmacological Category
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Bactrim
ID Sulfonamide |
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SMZ/TMP FDA Indication(s)
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Infection associated with COPD, otitis media, urinary tract infection, shigellosis, traveler's diarrhea, pneumoscystis pneumonia
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SMZ/TMP Dosage Forms
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Tablet: 800/160, 400/80 mg Suspension: 200/40 mg per 5 ml
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SMZ/TMP Select Dosing
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Adult: 1 DS tab or 2 SS tabs or 20 ml suspension q12h Pediatric: 6-10 mg/kg TMP/day divided Q12h
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SMZ/TMP Select Adverse Events
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Common: rash, nausea , sunburn Serious: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylaxis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, crystalluria-kidney stones
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SMZ/TMP Absolute Contraindications
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Infants < 2 months, nursing mothers, pregnant women, severe renal insufficiency
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SMZ/TMP Warnings and Precautions
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Infants < 2 months, nursing mothers, pregnant women, severe renal insufficiency
Severe dermatologic and hematologic reactions have been rarely reported. |
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SMZ/TMP Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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SMZ/TMP inhibits CYP2C9 which decreases the metabolism of warfarin and increases the risk of bleeding. Concurrent use of SMZ/TMP and methotrexate increases the risk of hematologic side effects.
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SMZ/TMP Mechanism of Action
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Bactericidal
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SMZ/TMP Patient Education/Special Instructions
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Maintain adequate hydration. Report severe rash immediately. May cause sunburn and sun sensitivity.
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Brand name, Drug Class , pharmcological class
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Cipro
Id Auinolone |
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Ciprofloxacin HCl FDA Indication(s)
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prostatitis, sinusitis, infections associated with COPD, abdominal infection, skin/soft tissue infection, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, anthrax
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Dosage Forms
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Tablet: 250,500,750mg IV Soln: 200mg/100ml, 400mg/200ml Suspension: 250 and 500 mg per 5 ml Ophthalmic: 0.3%
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Select Dosing
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Adult: 400-750mg q12h Pediatric: not indicated except for severe infections.
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Select Adverse Events
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Common: diarrhea, nausea Serious: tendon rupture, seizures, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Absolute Contraindications
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Allergy to quinolones, concurrent tizanidine administration
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Warnings and Precautions
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Pediatric patients, excessive sunlight, increased risk of tendon rupture in elderly
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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Tizanidine: increased tizanidine concentration and side effects (hypotension and sedation)
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Mechanism of Action
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Bactericidal
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Ciprofloxacin HCl Patient Education/Special Instructions
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May cause sunburn and sun sensitivity. Do not take with milk, yogurt, or calcium fortified juice. Separate 2h before or 6h after antacids, sucralfate and minerals.
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Fluconazole Brand name, drug class, pharmcological class
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Diflucan
Id Azole antifungal |
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Fluconazole FDA Indication(s)
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Candidiasis (urogenital, esophagus), cryptococcal meningitis, onychomycosis
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Fluconazole Dosage Forms
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Tab:50,100,150,200mg Oral Susp: 50 mg and 200 mg per 5 ml IV Soln: 100,200,400mg
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Fluconazole Select Dosing
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Adult:150-400mg QD Pediatric: 6-12 mg/kg/day
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Fluconazole Select Adverse Events
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Common: nausea Serious: anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson, toxic epidermal necrosis
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Fluconazole Absolute Contraindications
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Concurrent use of CYP3A4-metabolized drugs that are known to increase the QT interval (quinidine, pimozide)
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Fluconazole Warnings and Precautions
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Renal dysfunction, concurrent use with erythromycin is not recommended.
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Fluconazole Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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Concurrent use of CYP3A4-metabolized drugs that are known to increase the QT interval (quinidine, pimozide, bepridil, mesoridazine, ziprasidone, thioridazine, dronedarone). Concurrent use with ergot derivatives may increase nausea and ischemia.
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Fluconazole Mechanism of Action
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Fungistatic
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Fluconazole Patient Education/Special Instructions
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Report rash and skin disorders.
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Doxycycline Hyclate brand name, drug class, pharmcological class
|
Doryx, Vibramycin
ID Tetracycline |
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Doxycycline Hyclate FDA Indication(s)
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Chlamydia, rickettsiae, lime disease, upper respiratory infections, acne vulgaris, urinary tract infection, anthrax
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Doxycycline Hyclate Dosage Forms
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Capsule and Tablet: 50,75,100,150 mg
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Doxycycline Hyclate Select Dosing
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Adult: 100 mg BID Pediatric: Not recommended
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Doxycycline Hyclate Select Adverse Events
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Common: photo-sensitivity, heartburn, tooth discolored Serious: esophageal ulceration, C. diff. diarrhea, Stevens-Johnson, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
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Doxycycline Hyclate Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to tetracyclines
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Doxycycline Hyclate Warnings and Precautions
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Use during tooth development up to 8 yeaars of age may cause discoloration. Fluid intake with each dose to avoid esophageal ulceration.
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Doxycycline Hyclate Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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Concurrent use with retinoids (acitretin, isotretinoin) may increase intracranial pressure.
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Doxycycline Hyclate Mechanism of Action
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Bacteriostatic
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Doxycycline Hyclate Patient Education/Special Instructions
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May take with food or milk if GI upset occurs. Take with a full glass of water. Wear sunscreen.
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Metronidazole brand name, drug class, pharmcological category
|
Flagyl
ID Antibacterial antiprotozoal |
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Metronidazole FDA Indication(s)
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Anaerobic infection, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, amebic dysentery, C. diff diarrhea
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Metronidazole Dosage Forms
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Tablet: 250, 500 mg Tablet ER: 750 mg Capsule: 375 mg Topical/Vaginal: 0.75% IV: 500 mg/100 ml
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Metronidazole Select Dosing
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Anaerobic abscess: 500-750 mg q6h Bacterial vaginosis: 500 mg BID or 750 mg ER QD
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Metronidazole Select Adverse Events
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Common: nausea, headache, vaginal candidiasis Serious: Disulfiram reaction, seizures, neuropathy
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Metronidazole Absolute Contraindications
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Alcohol use during and 3 days after therapy. Concurrent use with disulfiram. Pregnancy during the 1st trimester
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Metronidazole Warnings and Precautions
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Contact with eyes should be avoided. Seizures and peripheral neuropathy have been reported.
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Metronidazole Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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Disulfiram: concurrent use may cause psychosis. Ergot derivatives: concurrent use may increase nausea and ischemia. Warfarin: concurrent use increases levels and effects of warfarin.
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Metronidazole Mechanism of Action
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Microbicidal
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Metronidazole Patient Education/Special Instructions
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Do not drink alcohol during or three days after therapy. Alcohol will cause abdominal cramps, vomiting and headache). Avoid contact with eyes when using topical forms. Abstain from sex until vaginal therapy is complete. Take extended release tabs 1h before or 2h after meals.
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Cephalexin brand name, Drug Class, Pharmacological category
|
Keflex
ID Cephalosporin, first generation |
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Cephalexin FDA Indication(s)
|
Skin and soft tissue infection, osteomyelitis, otitis media, respiratory infection, urinary tract infection
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Cephalexin Dosage Forms
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Capsule and Tablet: 250, 500 mg Suspension: 125 and 250 mg per 5 ml
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Cephalexin Select Dosing
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Adult: 250-500 mg q6-12h Pediatric: 25-50 mg/kg/day divided q6h
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Cephalexin Select Adverse Events
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Common: diarrhea Serious: Anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson
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Cephalexin Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to cephalosporins
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Cephalexin Warnings and Precautions
|
Allergy to penicillins
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Cephalexin Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
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Cephalexin Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Report diarrhea. Shake suspension well before each dose. Store suspension in refrigerator.
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Levofloxacin brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Levaquin
ID quinolone |
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Levofloxacin FDA Indication(s)
|
Community acquired pneumonia, nosocomial pneumonia, prostatitis, sinusitis, infections associated with COPD, abdominal infection, skin/soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection, conjunctivitis, anthrax, pyelonephritis.
|
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Levofloxacin Dosage Forms
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Tablet: 250,500,750mg Oral Soln: 25 mg/ml Ophthalmic: 0.5% IV: 5mg/ml, 25mg/ml
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Levofloxacin Select Dosing
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Adult:250-750mg QD Pediatric: Not recommended.
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Levofloxacin Select Adverse Events
|
Common: nausea, diarrhea, headache (ophthalmic) Serious: tendon rupture, seizures, Stevens-Johnson, prolonged QT interval
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Levofloxacin Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to quinolones.
|
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Levofloxacin Warnings and Precautions
|
Tendon rupture especially in elderly has been reported. Patients at risk of QT prolongation. Renal disorder.
|
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Levofloxacin Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Concurrent use of CYP3A4-metabolized drugs that are known to increase the QT interval (mesoridazine, thioridazine, dronedarone).
|
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Levofloxacin Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
|
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Levofloxacin Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
May cause sun sensitivity. Wear sunscreen. Take oral solution 1h before or 2h after meal. Separate antacids, sucralfate or minerals at least 2h from cipro dose.
|
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Cefepime brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Maxipime
ID Cephalosporin, fourth generation |
|
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Cefepime FDA Indication(s)
|
Pneumonia (moderate to severe), skin and soft tissue infection, infection of the abdomen, urinary tract infection, bacterial meningitis
|
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Cefepime Dosage Forms
|
IV: 1g/50ml, 2g/100ml
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Cefepime Select Dosing
|
Adult: 1-2g q8-12h Pediatric: 50mg/kg q8-12h
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Cefepime Select Adverse Events
|
Common: rash, diarrhea Serious: anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson, Pseudomembranous colitis
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Cefepime Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to cephalosporins
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Cefepime Warnings and Precautions
|
Allergy to penicillins
|
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Cefepime Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
|
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Cefepime Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Report severe diarrhea.
|
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Meropenem brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Merrem
ID Carbapenem |
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Meropenem FDA Indication(s)
|
Bacterial meningitis, pneumonia (multidrug resistant), complicated skin and soft tissue infections, infection of the abdomen
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Meropenem Dosage Forms
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IV: 500mg, 1g
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Meropenem Select Dosing
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Adult: 1-2g q8h Pediatric: 10-40 mg/kg q8h, max 6g/day
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Meropenem Select Adverse Events
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Common: diarrhea, constipation, injection site inflammation Serious: Allergy, Stevens-Johnson, Seizures, neutro-penia, angioedema.
|
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Meropenem Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to beta-lactams.
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Meropenem Warnings and Precautions
|
Concurrent use with probenecid or valprioc acid. Seizure disorders, Renal impairment.
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Meropenem Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Valproic acid: decreased valproic acid levels and loss of effect.
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Meropenem Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
|
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Meropenem Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Report severe diarrhea, skin reactions, or signs of angioedema.
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|
|
Minocycline brand name, drug class, pharmacological class
|
Minocin
ID tetracycline |
|
|
Minocycline FDA Indication(s)
|
Chlamydia, rickettsiae, lime disease, upper respiratory infections, acne vulgaris, urinary tract infection, anthrax, skin and soft tissue infection
|
|
|
Minocycline Dosage Forms
|
Tablet and Capsule: 50, 75, 100 mg ER Tab: 45-135 mg IV Soln: 100 mg
|
|
|
Minocycline Select Dosing
|
Adults: 100mg q12h Pediatric: 1 mg/kg/day
|
|
|
Minocycline Select Adverse Events
|
Common: tooth discolored, dizziness, heartburn Serious: anaphylaxis, pseudotumor cerebri, esophageal ulcer
|
|
|
Minocycline Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to tetracyclines
|
|
|
Minocycline Warnings and Precautions
|
Children up to 8 years of age, breastfeeding, last 1/2 of pregnancy. Concurrent use with isotretinoin.
|
|
|
Minocycline Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Concurrent use with retinoids (acitretin, isotretinoin) may increase intracranial pressure.
|
|
|
Minocycline Mechanism of Action
|
Bacteriostatic
|
|
|
Minocycline Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
May cause photosensitivity. Wear sunscreen. May cause dizziness; cuation while driving. Take with full glass of water to avoid esophageal irritation. Avoid antacids, iron, and calcium preparations.
|
|
|
Mupirocin brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Bactroban
ID Antibacterial |
|
|
Mupirocin FDA Indication(s)
|
Superficial bacterial infection of skin, impetigo
|
|
|
Mupirocin Dosage Forms
|
Ointment: 2%
|
|
|
Mupirocin Select Dosing
|
Apply TID
|
|
|
Mupirocin Select Adverse Events
|
Common: when applied intranasally, may cause headache, pharyngitis, rhinitis
|
|
|
Mupirocin Warnings and Precautions
|
Avoid contact with eyes
|
|
|
Mupirocin Mechanism of Action
|
Bacteriostatic
|
|
|
Mupirocin Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Avoid exposure to open wounds, burns, or eyes.
|
|
|
Ketoconazole brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Nizoral
ID Azole antifungal |
|
|
Ketoconazole FDA Indication(s)
|
Candidiasis (chronic urogenital, esophageal), chromoblasto-mycosis, tinea, onychomycosis
|
|
|
Ketoconazole Dosage Forms
|
Tablet: 200 mg Cream: 2% Shampoo: 1%, 2%
|
|
|
Ketoconazole Select Dosing
|
Adults: 200-400 mg QD Pediatric: 3.3-6.6 mg/kg/day
|
|
|
Ketoconazole Select Adverse Events
|
Common: nausea, burning sensation (topical) Serious: anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
Ketoconazole Absolute Contraindications
|
oncurrent use with triazolam or cisapride.
|
|
|
Ketoconazole Warnings and Precautions
|
Achlorhydria may reduce ketoconazole absorption. Concurrent use with isoniazid, rifampin, alprazolam, and colchicine.
|
|
|
Ketoconazole Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Ketoconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. CYP3A4 substrates such as triazolam and alprazolam are contraindicated.
|
|
|
Ketoconazole Mechanism of Action
|
Fungistatic
|
|
|
Ketoconazole Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Report signs of liver toxicity. Antacids and H2 blockers should be taken 2 hours after oral ketoconazole.
|
|
|
Cefdinir brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Omnicef
ID Cephalosporin third generation |
|
|
Cefdinir FDA Indication(s)
|
Community acquired pneumonia, otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis, upper respiratory infection, skin and soft tissue infection
|
|
|
Cefdinir Dosage Forms
|
Capsule: 300 mg Suspension:125mg/5ml 250mg/5ml
|
|
|
Cefdinir Select Dosing
|
Adult: 300mg BID or 600 mg QD Pediatric: 7mg/kg BID or 14mg/kg QD
|
|
|
Cefdinir Select Adverse Events
|
Common: diarrhea, vaginal candidiasis Serious: anaphylaxis, C. diff colitis, Stevens-Johnson
|
|
|
Cefdinir Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to cephalosporins
|
|
|
Cefdinir Warnings and Precautions
|
Allergy to penicillins, renal insufficiency
|
|
|
Cefdinir Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
|
|
|
Cefdinir Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Report severe diarrhea before taking antidiarrheal medication. Take 2 hours before or after antacids, iron, calcium, and other minerals.
|
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Pen VK
ID Penicillin |
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium FDA Indication(s)
|
Otitis media, upper respiratory infection, gonorhea, pharyngitis only when proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria
|
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium Dosage Forms
|
Tablets: 250mg, 500mg Susp: 125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml
|
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium Select Dosing
|
Adults: 250-500mg q6-8h
|
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium Select Adverse Events
|
Common: nausea, diarrhea Serious: anaphylaxis, thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to penicillins
|
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium Warnings and Precautions
|
Allergy to cephalosporins
|
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
|
|
|
Penicillin V Potassium Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Drug may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives with concurrent use. Additional birth control recommended. Shake suspension well before each dose. Store suspension in refrigerator.
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone brand name, drug class, pharmacological class?
|
Rocephin
ID Cephalosporin third generation |
|
|
Ceftriaxone FDA Indication(s)
|
otitis media, bacterial meningitis, gonorrhea, skin and soft tissue infection, abdominal infection, lower respiratory infection, septicemia, urinary tract infection
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone Dosage Forms
|
IV: 250mg,500mg,1g,2g
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone Select Dosing
|
Adult:1-2g q12-24h, gonorrhea: 250mg IMx1 Pediatric: 50-75 mg/kg/day divided QD or BID
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone Select Adverse Events
|
Common: warmth, induration at injection site, diarrhea, thrombocytosis Serious: anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson, pseudomembranous colitis
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to cephalosporins
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone Warnings and Precautions
|
Allergy to penicillins
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
alcium chloride, acetate, gluconate and lactated ringer's solution may complex with ceftriaxone forming a precipitate; contraindicated in newborns.
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Report severe diarrhea before taking anti-diarrheal medication.
|
|
|
Oseltamivir brand name, drug class, pharmacological class?
|
Tamiflu
ID Neuraminidase inhibitor |
|
|
Oseltamivir FDA Indication(s)
|
Treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus types A and B
|
|
|
Oseltamivir Dosage Forms
|
Capsule: 30, 45, 75 mg Suspension: 6mg/ml, 12mg/ml
|
|
|
Oseltamivir Select Dosing
|
Adult-treatment: 75mg BID Adult-prophylaxis: 75 mg QD Pediatric: weight-based dosing
|
|
|
Oseltamivir Select Adverse Events
|
Common: nausea, vomiting Serious: anaphylaxis
|
|
|
Oseltamivir Warnings and Precautions
|
renal dysfunction, concurrent use with intranasal live influenza vaccine.
|
|
|
Oseltamivir Mechanism of Action
|
Antiviral, neuraminidase inhibitor
|
|
|
Oseltamivir Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Shake suspension well before each dose. Take a missed dose as soon as possible.
|
|
|
Mebendazole brand name, drug class, pharmacological class
|
Vermox
ID Benzimidazole |
|
|
Mebendazole FDA Indication(s)
|
Enterobiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis
|
|
|
Mebendazole Dosage Forms
|
Chewable Tab: 100 mg
|
|
|
Mebendazole Select Dosing
|
Adults and Children >2 yrs: 100 mg BID
|
|
|
Mebendazole Select Adverse Events
|
Common: diarrhea Serious: hepatitis
|
|
|
Mebendazole Mechanism of Action
|
Vermicidal
|
|
|
Mebendazole Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Eradication of parasite may take several weeks or repeat treatments. Continue hygienic precautions until cleared by doctor.
|
|
|
Tobramycin brand name, drug class, pharmacological class
|
Tobrex
ID Aminoglycoside |
|
|
Tobramycin FDA Indication(s)
|
Lower respiratory tract infection, bacterial meningitis, external eye infection, cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infection, osteomyelitis
|
|
|
Tobramycin Dosage Forms
|
Ophthalmic Soln: 0.3% Ophth. Ointment: 0.3% IV: 10mg/ml, 40mg/ml Inhalation: 300mg
|
|
|
Tobramycin Select Dosing
|
Adults: 1-2 mg/kg IV q8h or 4-7 mg/kg IV q24h Cystic fibrosis: 300 mg inhaled via neb q12h
|
|
|
Tobramycin Select Adverse Events
|
Serious: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, stevens-Johnson
|
|
|
Tobramycin Absolute Contraindications
|
Ophthalmic: Fungal or viral infection of the eye
|
|
|
Tobramycin Warnings and Precautions
|
Pre-existing renal impairment. May cause nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Curcurrent nephrotoxic drugs (loop diuretics, vancomycin)
|
|
|
Tobramycin Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
|
|
|
Tobramycin Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Immediately report any signs of hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness. If inhaled form is missed, take as soon as possible and then wait at least six hours before taking the next dose.
|
|
|
Valacyclovir brand name, drug class, pharmacological class
|
Valtrex
ID Antiviral |
|
|
Valacyclovir FDA Indication(s)
|
Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, varicella
|
|
|
Valacyclovir Dosage Forms
|
Tablet: 500mg,1,000mg
|
|
|
Valacyclovir Select Dosing
|
Adult: 500-1000mg BID
|
|
|
Valacyclovir Select Adverse Events
|
Common: rash, nausea, headache Serious: thrombo-cytopenia, acute renal failure
|
|
|
Valacyclovir Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to valacyclovir or acyclovir
|
|
|
Valacyclovir Warnings and Precautions
|
Acute renal failure has occurred particularly with high doses in the elderly or those who are dehydra
|
|
|
Valacyclovir Mechanism of Action
|
Rapidly converted to acyclovir. Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor.
|
|
|
Valacyclovir Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Avoid sex while herpes sores are present. Maintain adequate hydration to avoid kidney stones.
|
|
|
Vancomycin brand name, drug class, pharmacological class
|
Vancocin
ID Antibacterial |
|
|
Vancomycin FDA Indication(s)
|
C. diff infection, pseudo-membranous colitis, infective endocarditis, staph infection-methicillin resistant, skin and soft tissue infection
|
|
|
Vancomycin Dosage Forms
|
Capsule: 125, 250 mg IV: 500, 750, 1000 mg
|
|
|
Vancomycin Select Dosing
|
Adult: C diff-up to 2g PO daily divided q6h. Staph-up to 45 mg/kg/day divided q8h to q12h
|
|
|
Vancomycin Select Adverse Events
|
Common: nausea, erythema, pruritus, hypotension (if infused too quickly) Serious: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
|
|
|
Vancomycin Warnings and Precautions
|
Pre-existing ototoxicity or kidney disease. Concurrent nephrotoxic drugs (loop diuretics and aminoglycosides).
|
|
|
Vancomycin Mechanism of Action
|
Gram positive aerobic and anearobic bactericidal
|
|
|
Doxycycline Hyclate brand name, drug name
|
Vibramycin
ID |
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam brand name, drug class, pharmacological class
|
Zosyn
ID Penicillin |
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam FDA Indication(s)
|
Appendicitis, community acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, nosocomial pneumonia, pelvic inflammatory disease, peritonitis
|
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam Dosage Forms
|
IV: 2/0.25g, 3/0.375g, 4/0.5g per 50ml or 100ml
|
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam Select Dosing
|
Adult: 3.375-4.5g IV q6h
|
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam Select Adverse Events
|
Common: diarrhea, rash, constipation Serious: neutropenia, anaphylaxis, seizures (high dose)
|
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to penicillin or beta lactamase inhibitors
|
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam Warnings and Precautions
|
Allergy to cephalosporins
|
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam Mechanism of Action
|
Penicillin and beta lactamase inhibitor
|
|
|
Piperacillin & Tazobactam Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Drug may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives with concurrent use. Additional birth control recommended.
|
|
|
Azithromycin brand name, drug class, pharmacological class
|
Zpak, Zithromax
ID Macrolide |
|
|
Azithromycin FDA Indication(s)
|
Otitis media, upper respiratory infection, COPD infection, community acquired pneumonia, gonorrhea, chlamydia, conjunctivitis, mycobacterium avium complex
|
|
|
Azithromycin Dosage Forms
|
Tablet: 250, 500,600mg Suspension: 100mg and 200mg per 5ml Ophthalmic soln: 1% IV: 500mg
|
|
|
Azithromycin Select Dosing
|
Adult: 250-500mg QD or 1g PO x1 Pediatric: 10mg/kg x1, then 5mg/kg
|
|
|
Azithromycin Select Adverse Events
|
Common: diarrhea, neause, vomiting Serious: hepatic impairment
|
|
|
Azithromycin Absolute Contraindications
|
Allergy to macrolides
|
|
|
Azithromycin Warnings and Precautions
|
Hepatic impairment
|
|
|
Azithromycin Mechanism of Action
|
Bactericidal
|
|
|
Azithromycin Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
Take extended release suspension within 12 hours of reconstitution and discard any unused portion. Take ER suspension on an empty stomach and report vomiting promptly. When taking ER tabs and regular suspension, avoid magnesium or aluminum antacids.
|
|
|
Apriprazole brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Abilify
Psych Atypical antipsychotic |
|
|
Apriprazole FDA Indication(s)
|
***Autistic disorder - Psychomotor agitation ***Bipolar disorder - Psychomotor Agitation ***Bipolar I disorder - adjunctive therapy with valproate or lithium, ***Bipolar I disorder - monotherapy for mixed or manic episodes ***Major depressive disorder - adjunctive treatment for patients receiving antidepressants ***Psychomotor agitation - Schizophrenia ***Schizophrenia
|
|
|
Apriprazole Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg Oral solution: 1mg/mL Intramuscular solution: 9.75 mg/ 1.3 mL Oral disintegrating tablet: 10 mg, 15 mg
|
|
|
Apriprazole Select Dosing
|
Adult: 5-30 mg QD Pediatric: 5-15 mg QD
|
|
|
Apriprazole Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Weight increase, extrapyramidal disease, headache Serious: Cerebrovascular accident, suicidal behavior, tardive dyskinesia
|
|
|
Apriprazole Absolute Contraindications
|
***Hypersensitivity to aripiprazole
|
|
|
Apriprazole Warnings and Precautions
|
***Increased risk of suicidal ideation or behavior ***Increased risk of seizures ***Higher doses and longer treatment durations increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia - which may be irreversible
|
|
|
Apriprazole Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
metoclopramide
|
|
|
Apriprazole Mechanism of Action
|
Partial agonist at the D2 and 5-HT1A receptors, antagonist at the 5-HT2A receptors
|
|
|
Apriprazole Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***Avoid activities that require mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized ***Do not suddenly discontinue therapy ***Report any worsening depression or suicidal ideation
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Adderall
Psych Stimulant |
|
|
Amphetamine Salts FDA Indication(s)
|
***Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ***Narcolepsy
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 5 mg, 7.5 mg 10 mg, 12.5 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg Oral capsule, extended release: 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25mg, 30 mg
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts Select Dosing
|
Adult: 5 - 60 mg QD or in divided doses Pediatric: 2.5 - 40 mg QD
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts Select Adverse Events
|
Common: loss of appetite, xerostomia, insomnia Serious: CVA, MI, Seizure
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts Absolute Contraindications
|
***Advanced arteriosclerosis ***Agitated states ***Symptomatic cardiovascular disease ***Concomitant use of MAOI inhibitors ***History of drug dependence ***Glaucoma ***Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines ***Moderate to severe hypertension ***Hyperthyroidism
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts Warnings and Precautions
|
***Amphetamine misuse can cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular events ***Potential for drug dependence and abuse ***May exacerbate symptoms of Tourrette's syndrome, bipolar disorder, and pyschosis
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
tranylcypromine, selegiline, clorgyline, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, procarbazine, pargyline, nialamide, toloxatone, iproniazid, moclobemide, rasagiline, sibutramine, furazolidone
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts Mechanism of Action
|
Hypothesized MOA: Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron
|
|
|
Amphetamine Salts Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***Report any new or worsened psychiatric problems ( hostility, manic symptoms, behavior and thought problems) ***Avoid sudden discontinuation of therapy ***Report any chest pains ,palpitations, dyspnea, signs of cardiac dysrhythmia, MI, or CVA
|
|
|
Zolpidem brand name drug class, pharmacological category
|
Ambien CR
Psych Hypnotic |
|
|
Zolpidem FDA Indication(s)
|
***short-term treatment of insomnia
|
|
|
Zolpidem Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 5 mg, 10 mg Oral tablet, extended release: 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg Sublingual tablet: 5 mg, 10 mg Mucous membrane spray: 5 mg/0.1 mL
|
|
|
Zolpidem Select Dosing
|
Adult: 10 mg immediately before bedtime, extended release tablets - 12.5 mg immediately before bedtime
|
|
|
Zolpidem Select Adverse Events
|
Common: dizziness, headache, somnolence Serious: worsening depression, suicidal thoughts
|
|
|
Zolpidem Absolute Contraindications
|
***Hypersensitivity to zolpidem
|
|
|
Zolpidem Warnings and Precautions
|
***Avoid concurrent use of alcohol ***Use with caution with other CNS depressants ***May cause behavioral changes (hallucinations, agitation, depersonalization)
|
|
|
Zolpidem Mechanism of Action
|
binds the benzodiazepine receptor subunit of the GABA-A receptor complex
|
|
|
Zolpidem Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***When combined with other CNS depressants or alcohol, there is an increased risk of carrying out complex behaviors while not fully awake (driving, eating, having sex, making phone calls) ***Do not take this drug immediately after meals ***Report any abnormal behaviors or thoughts ( hallucinations, anxiety, new or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts)
|
|
|
Lorazepam brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Ativan
Psych Benzodiazepine |
|
|
Lorazepam FDA Indication(s)
|
Anxiety, Insomnia- due to situational stress or anxiety, premedication for anesthetic procedure, status epilepticus
|
|
|
Lorazepam Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Oral solution: 2 mg/mL Injection solution: 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL
|
|
|
Lorazepam Select Dosing
|
Adult: 2-6 mg daily, in divided doses or before bedtime Pediatric: 12 years and older: same as adult dosing
|
|
|
Lorazepam Select Adverse Events
|
Common: dizziness, sedation, depression Serious: Acidosis, delirium
|
|
|
Lorazepam Absolute Contraindications
|
***Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines ***Narrow-angle glaucoma ***Respiratory insufficiency - in the absence of resuscitative equipment (injection) ***Sleep apnea syndrome (injection)
|
|
|
Lorazepam Warnings and Precautions
|
***Avoid concurrent use of alcohol and other CNS depressants -- increased risk of respiratory depression ***Abuse and dependence potential, if history of drug or alcohol abuse, monitoring recommended ***Not recommended for depressive disorder or psychosis, risk of exacerbation of symptoms
|
|
|
Lorazepam Mechanism of Action
|
GABA-receptor agonist
|
|
|
Lorazepam Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***Avoid concomitant use of other CNS depressants or alcohol ***This drug can cause dizziness, headache, transient memory impairment, somnolence, sedation, or depression ***Avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until the drug effects are realized
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Celexa
Psych Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide FDA Indication(s)
|
***depression
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg Oral solution: 10 mg/5mL
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide Select Dosing
|
Adult: 20-40 mg QD
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Nausea/Vomiting, headache, sexual dysfunction, somnolence Serious: worsening depression/suicidal thoughts, prolonged QT interval, Serotonin syndrome
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide Absolute Contraindications
|
***Hypersensitivity to citalopram or escitalopram ***Concomitant use of MAOI's ***Concomitant use of pimozide
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide Warnings and Precautions
|
**Risk of increased liver damage with substantial alcohol usage ***Do not use within 14 days of use of MAOI's ***Can cause worsening depression or suicidal ideation
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
levomethadyl acetate hydrochloride, metoclopramide, furazolidone, moclobemide, linezolid, clorgyline, procarbazine, tranylcypromine, phenelzine sulfate, pargyline, iproniazid, selegiline, isocarboxazid, nialimide, toloxatone
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide Mechanism of Action
|
serotonin reuptake inhibitor with minimal effects on neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
|
|
|
Citalopram Hydrobromide Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***Report use of MAO Inhibitor within 14 days prior to starting citalopram therapy ***Report worsening depression or suicidal ideation ***Do not drink alcohol while taking citalopram
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Compazine
psych phenthiazine |
|
|
Prochlorperazine FDA Indication(s)
|
***Anxiety ***Severe nausea and vomiting ***Schizophrenia
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine Dosage Forms
|
Rectal Suppository: 25 mg Oral tablet: 5 mg, 10 mg Injection solution: 5 mg/mL
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine Select Dosing
|
Adults: 15- 150 mg daily, divided into 3-4 doses Pediatric: (2 years old and older) 2.5- 25 mg, divided into 2-3 doses
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Akathesia, extrapyramidal disease, tardive dyskinesia Serious: Prolonged QT interval, drug induced lupus, ineffective thermoregulation
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine Absolute Contraindications
|
***Bone marrow depression ***Children under 20 lbs or 2 years of age ***Comatose or greatly depressed states ***Pediatric surgery ***Severe hypotension ***Hypersensitivity to phenothiazines
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine Warnings and Precautions
|
***Avoid use in children with acute illnesses, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance ***Avoid use in patients with tardive dyskinesia or a history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome ***Avoid using prochlorperazine in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of Reye's syndrome in children and adolescents
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Mesoridazine, bepridil, pimozide, dofetilide, thioridazine ,ziprasidone, dronedarone, sparfloxacin, terfenadine, grepafloxacin, cisapride
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine Mechanism of Action
|
Prochlorperazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors
|
|
|
Prochlorperazine Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***This drug may impair heat regulation. Advise patient to use caution with activities leading to an increased core temperature ***Advise the patient to avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized ***Advise patient to avoid drinking alcohol or taking other central nervous system depressants during prochlorperazine therapy.
|
|
|
Methylphenidate brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Concerta
Psych Stimulant |
|
|
Methylphenidate FDA Indication(s)
|
***Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ***Narcolepsy
|
|
|
Methylphenidate Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet, extended release: 18 mg, 27 mg, 36 mg, 54 mg Oral tablet: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg Oral solution: 5 mg/ 5 mL, 10 mg/ 5 mL Oral capsule, extended release: 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg Oral tablet, chewable: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg
|
|
|
Methylphenidate Select Dosing
|
Adults: 18-72 mg QAM Pediatric: (at least 6 years old) 18-54 mg QAM
|
|
|
Methylphenidate Select Adverse Events
|
Common: decrease in appetite, insomnia, headache Serious: CVA, aggressive behavior, drug dependence
|
|
|
Methylphenidate Absolute Contraindications
|
***Angina pectoris ***Cardiac arrhythmias ***Glaucoma ***Heart failure ***Severe hypertension ***Hyperthyroidism ***Marked anxiety, tension, and agitation ***Concomitant use of MAOI's or use within 14 days of starting methylphenidate therapy ***Recent MI ***Motor tics ***Family or personal history of Tourrette's syndrome ***Hypersensitivity to methylphenidate
|
|
|
Methylphenidate Warnings and Precautions
|
***Monitor for underlying medical conditions that may be compromised by increases in blood pressure or heart rate such as pre-existing hypertension, heart failure, recent MI, ventricular arrythmia, or hyperthyroidism ***Avoid use in patients with a history of drug abuse or dependence, due to the abuse potential of this drug ***This drug may exacerbate psychosis, thought/behavior disorders, and mania
|
|
|
Methylphenidate Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
MAOIs
|
|
|
Methylphenidate Mechanism of Action
|
Hypothesized MOA: blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron
|
|
|
Methylphenidate Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***This drug may cause loss of appetite, abdominal pain, weight loss, blurred vision, abnormal behavior, insomnia, or restlessness ***Instruct patient to report new or worsened psychiatric problems (e.g.: behavior and thought problems, bipolar illness, aggressive behavior or hostility) ***Patient should report chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, or symptoms of cardiac dysrhythmia, MI, or CVA
|
|
|
Duloxetine brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Cymbalta
Psych Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Duloxetine FDA Indication(s)
|
***Diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain ***Fibromyalgia ***Generalized anxiety disorder *** Major depressive disorder ***Chronic musculoskeletal pain
|
|
|
Duloxetine Dosage Forms
|
Oral capsule, delayed release: 20 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg
|
|
|
Duloxetine Select Dosing
|
Adults: 20-60 mg daily, divided into 1-2 doses
|
|
|
Duloxetine Select Adverse Events
|
Common: nausea, headache, xerostomia Serious: Abnormal bleeding, worsening depression/suicidal ideation, serotonin syndrome
|
|
|
Duloxetine Absolute Contraindications
|
***Acute narrow-angle glaucoma ***concomitant use of MAOI's
|
|
|
Duloxetine Warnings and Precautions
|
***Monitor for suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression ***Avoid abrupt withdrawal, as serious discontinuation symptoms have been reported; reduce dose gradually if possible ***Monitor for serotonin syndrome, as it has been reported, including cases that are life-threatening or that resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome
|
|
|
Duloxetine Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Procarbazine, thioridazine, rasagiline, metoclopramide, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, selegiline, and linezolid
|
|
|
Duloxetine Mechanism of Action
|
Selective serotonin and norepinephrine inhibitor, inhibits neuronal serotonin, and norepinephrine reuptake, potentiating serotonergic and noradrenergic activity in the CNS
|
|
|
Duloxetine Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
**Drug may cause anticholinergic effects, such as: dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, decreased appetite, diarrhea, gastritis, nausea, insomnia, and urinary retention ***Instruct patient to report any symptoms of serotonin syndrome, such as: agitation, confusion, diaphoresis, hallucinations, and hyperreflexia ***Instruct patient to report withdrawal symptoms, such as dysphoric mood, irritability, agitation that may occur upon dose reduction or discontinuation
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Desyrel
Psych Serotonin reuptake inhibitor/antagonist |
|
|
Trazodone HCl FDA Indication(s)
|
***depression
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 50 mg 100 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg Oral tablet, extended release: 150 mg, 300 mg
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl Select Dosing
|
Adults: 150-400 mg daily, in divided doses
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl Select Adverse Events
|
Common: nausea, xerostomia, somnolence Serious: Cardiac dysrhythmia, serotonin syndrome, suicidal thoughts
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl Absolute Contraindications
|
***Hypersensitivity to trazodone
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl Warnings and Precautions
|
***Monitor for suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression, due to increased risk, particularly in children and adolescents, during the first few months of therapy ***Avoid abrupt discontinuation, as it may result in severe withdrawal symptoms ***Avoid concomitant use of other drugs known to prolong the QTc interval, and any other serotonergic drugs
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Saquinavir, linezolid, metoclopramide
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl Mechanism of Action
|
Hypothesized MOA: Trazodone potentiates serotonergic activity in the CNS, possibly due to its selective inhibition of reuptake of serotonin
|
|
|
Trazodone HCl Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***Patient should avoid driving and other activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized, as this medicine may cause dizziness or somnolence ***This drug may cause somnolence/sedation, dizziness, constipation, blurry vision ***Instruct patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior, especially at initiation of therapy or with dose changes. Children and adolescents are at higher risk for these effects during the first few months of therapy
|
|
|
Venlafaxine brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Effexor XR
Psych Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Venlafaxine FDA Indication(s)
|
***Generalized anxiety disorder ***Major depressive disorder ***Panic disorder ***Social phobia
|
|
|
Venlafaxine Dosage Forms
|
Oral capsule, extended release: 37.5 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, 225 mg Oral tablet: 25 mg, 37.5 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg Oral tablet, extended release: 37.5 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, 225 mg
|
|
|
Venlafaxine Select Dosing
|
Adults: 37.5-225 mg daily, divided into 1-3 doses
|
|
|
Venlafaxine Select Adverse Events
|
Common: weight loss, headache, nervousness, sexual dysfunction Serious: serotonin syndrome, worsening depression/suicidal ideation, abnormal bleeding
|
|
|
Venlafaxine Absolute Contraindications
|
***Concomitant use of MAOI's or use of venlafaxine within 14 days of MAOI use ***Hypersensitivity to venlafaxine or desvenlafaxine
|
|
|
Venlafaxine Warnings and Precautions
|
*** Monitor for suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression, particularly in children, adolescents, and young adults during the first few months of therapy or following changes in dosage ***Avoid abrupt withdrawal; serious discontinuation symptoms have been reported; monitoring recommended; reduce dose gradually if possible ***Avoid concomitant use of serotonergic drugs, such as SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, and serotonin precursors
|
|
|
Venlafaxine Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Furazolidone, moclobemide, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, toloxatone, linezolid, tranylcypromine, selegiline, metoclopramide, procarbazine, trifluoperazine, iproniazid, pargyline, and nialamide
|
|
|
Venlafaxine Mechanism of Action
|
Selective serotonin and norepinephrine inhibitor, inhibits neuronal serotonin, and norepinephrine reuptake, potentiating serotonergic and noradrenergic activity in the CNS
|
|
|
Venlafaxine Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***This drug may cause sweating, anticholinergic effects, anorexia, nausea, constipation, asthenia, dream disorder, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fever, stupor, unstable blood pressure, muscular rigidity, autonomic dysfunction), headache, somnolence, insomnia, and nervousness ***Advise patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior, especially at initiation of therapy or with dose changes. Adolescents and young adults are at higher risk for these effects during the first few months of therapy ***Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug, as this may precipitate withdrawal symptoms such as dysphoric mood, irritability, and agitation
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Elavil
Psych Tricyclic antidepressant |
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl FDA Indication(s)
|
***depression
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl Select Dosing
|
Adult: 10-150 mg daily, divided into 1-3 doses Pediatric: (at least 12 years old) 10 mg TID, + 20 mg QHS
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Weight gain, dizziness, blurred vision, sexual dysfunction Serious: Myocardial infarction, hepatotoxicity, worsening depression/suicidal ideation
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl Absolute Contraindications
|
***Coadministration with cisapride, cocomitant adminstration of MAOI's, or use of amitriptyline within 14 days of use of a MAOI ***MI, during the acute recovery period ***Hypersensitivity to amitriptyline
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl Warnings and Precautions
|
***Monitor for suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression, increased risk, particularly in children and adolescents, during the first few months of therapy ***Avoid use with cardiovascular disorders, due to increased risk of sinus tachycardia, cardiac conduction time changes, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke ***May cause exaggeration or activation of psychosis, paranoid symptoms, mania, or hypomania
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Procarbazine HCl, linezolid, iproniazid, tranylcypromine, thioridazine, terfenadine, pimozide, toloxatone, pargyline, nialamide, moclobemide, furazolidone, clorgyline, phenelzine, bepridil, levomethadyl, mesoridazine, metoclopramide, isocarboxazid, selegiline, grepafloxacin, ranolazine, dronedarone, cisapride, and sparfloxacin
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl Mechanism of Action
|
This drug promotes neuronal activity by blocking the membrane pump mechanism which is responsible for the absorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in serotonergic and adrenergic neurons
|
|
|
Amitriptyline HCl Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***This drug may cause anticholinergic symptoms, weight gain, bloating, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, or syncope ***Instruct patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior ***Warn patient against sudden discontinuation of drug
|
|
|
Clonazepam brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Klonopin
Psych Benzodiazepine |
|
|
Clonazepam FDA Indication(s)
|
***Panic disorder ***Seizure
|
|
|
Clonazepam Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Oral tablet, disintegrating: 0.125 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg 1 mg, 2 mg
|
|
|
Clonazepam Select Dosing
|
Adult: 0.5 - 4 mg daily, divided into 2-3 doses Pediatric: (up to 10 yrs or 30 kg) 0.01-0.2 mg/kg/day, divided into 2-3 doses
|
|
|
Clonazepam Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Dizziness, impaired cognition, respiratory depression
|
|
|
Clonazepam Absolute Contraindications
|
***Significant liver disease ***Acute narrow-angle glaucoma ***Hypersensitivity to clonazepam
|
|
|
Clonazepam Warnings and Precautions
|
***Avoid abrupt withdrawal, particularly in patients on long-term, high-dose therapy; status epilepticus may occur ***Monitor for chronic respiratory disease, as it may result in increased salivation and potential for respiratory depression ***Avoid concomitant use with alcohol
|
|
|
Clonazepam Mechanism of Action
|
Hypothesized MOA: enhances GABA activity through binding at the benzodiazepine subunit on GABA receptors
|
|
|
Clonazepam Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***Patient should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized ***This drug may cause excessive salivation, ataxia, dizziness, impaired cognition, seizure, aggravation, somnolence, depression, nervousness, or respiratory depression ***With long-term use, advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug to avoid symptoms of withdrawal
|
|
|
Escitalopram brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Lexapro
Psych Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Escitalopram FDA Indication(s)
|
***Generalized anxiety disorder ***Major depressive disorder
|
|
|
Escitalopram Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 5mg, 10 mg, 20 mg Oral solution: 5 mg/5 mL
|
|
|
Escitalopram Select Dosing
|
Adult: 10-20 mg QD Pediatric: (12 years and older) 10-20 mg QD
|
|
|
Escitalopram Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Nausea, Insomnia, disorder of ejaculation Serious: worsening depression, suicidal thoughts, serotonin syndrome
|
|
|
Escitalopram Absolute Contraindications
|
***Concomitant use of MAOI's or pimozide ***Hypersensitivity to citalopram or escitalopram
|
|
|
Escitalopram Warnings and Precautions
|
***Monitor for suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression ***Monitor for concomitant serotonergic drug use, such as SSRIs, and SNRIs; during escitalopram initiation and discontinuation ***Avoid abrupt withdrawal; serious discontinuation symptoms have been reported
|
|
|
Escitalopram Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Tranylcypromine, furazolidine, lazabemide, linezolid, metoclopramide, isocarboxazid, selegiline, clorgyline, moclobemide, and phenelzine
|
|
|
Escitalopram Mechanism of Action
|
serotonin reuptake inhibitor
|
|
|
Escitalopram Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***This drug may cause diaphoresis, diarrhea, nausea, sleep disorder (somnolence/insomnia), impotence, ejaculation disorder, or fatigue ***Instruct patient to monitor for and report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior, especially with initial dosing and dose changes ***Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug
|
|
|
Pregabalin brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Lyrica
Psych Miscellaneous |
|
|
Pregabalin FDA Indication(s)
|
***Diabetic peripheral neuropathy ***Fibromyalgia ***Adjunct therapy for partial seizure ***Postherpatic neuralgia
|
|
|
Pregabalin Dosage Forms
|
Oral Capsule: 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 300 mg
|
|
|
Pregabalin Select Dosing
|
Adult: 150-600 mg daily, divided into 2-3 doses
|
|
|
Pregabalin Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Dizziness, headache, somnolence Serious: Angioedema
|
|
|
Pregabalin Absolute Contraindications
|
***Hypersensitivity to pregabalin
|
|
|
Pregabalin Warnings and Precautions
|
***Avoid abrupt discontinuation, due to risk of adverse events and increased seizure frequency ***Avoid concomitant use of drugs associated with angioedema, such as ACE inhibitors, due to increased risk of developing angioedema ***This drug may impair ability to drive or operate heavy machinery; dizziness and somnolence have been commonly reported
|
|
|
Pregabalin Mechanism of Action
|
Pregabalin is a GABA analog that binds to the alpha-2-delta site of voltage-gated calcium channels, in the CNS tissues
|
|
|
Pregabalin Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***Patient should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized ***Drug may cause constipation, dry mouth, ataxia, diplopia, weight gain, edema, and difficulty with concentration or attention ***Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug, as adverse effects are enhanced including increased seizure frequency
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Paxil
Psych Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Paroxetine HCl FDA Indication(s)
|
***Generalized anxiety disorder ***Major depressive disorder ***Obsessive-compulsive disorder ***Panic disorder ***Posttraumatic stress disorder ***Premenstrual dysphoric disorder ***Social Phobia
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg Oral suspension: 10 mg/5 mL Oral tablet, extended release: 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 37.5 mg
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl Select Dosing
|
Adult: Immediate release: 20-50 mg QD Controlled release: 12.5-37.5 mg QD
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Headache, somnolence, insomnia, sexual dysfunction Serious: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, serotonin syndrome, worsening depression/suicidal ideation
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl Absolute Contraindications
|
***Concomitant use of MAOI's or use of MAOI's within 14 days of initiating paroxetine therapy ***Concomitant use of pimozide or thiorazine ***Concomitant use of reversible MAOI's (methylene blue, linezolid) ***Hypersensitivity to paroxetine
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl Warnings and Precautions
|
***Monitor for suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression ***Avoid concomitant use with drugs which impair metabolism of serotonin, antipsychotics or other dopamine antagonists due to increased risk of serotonin syndrome ***Discontinuation symptoms, occurring with abrupt withdrawal, have been reported
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Procarbazine HCl, linezolid, iproniazid, tranylcypromine, thioridazine, pimozide, toloxatone, pargyline, nialamide, moclobemide, furazolidone, clorgyline, phenelzine, metoclopramide, isocarboxazid, and selegiline
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl Mechanism of Action
|
serotonin reuptake inhibitor with minimal effects on neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
|
|
|
Paroxetine HCl Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***Drug may cause nausea, dry mouth, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia, hyperhidrosis, diarrhea, and vomiting ***Drug may cause sexual dysfunction in men, such as abnormal ejaculation, impotence, and decreased libido ***Instruct patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Prozac
Psych Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl FDA Indication(s)
|
***Bulimia nervosa ***Major depressive disorder ***Obsessive-compusive disorder ***Panic disorder ***Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl Dosage Forms
|
Oral Capsule: 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg Oral capsule, delayed release: 90 mg Oral solution: 20 mg/5 mL Oral syrup: 20 mg/5 mL Oral tablet: 10 mg, 20 mg
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl Select Dosing
|
Adult: 20-60 mg QD Pediatric: (7 years and older) 10-60 mg QD
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Nausea, insomnia, rhinitis, sexual dysfunction Serious: Prolonged QT interval, worsening depression/suicidal ideation, serotonin syndrome
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl Absolute Contraindications
|
***Concomitant use of MAOI's, pimozide, or thioridazine ***Use of fluoxetine within 14 days of use of MAOI's or thioridazine ***Hypersensitivity to fluoxetine
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl Warnings and Precautions
|
***Monitor for suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression; increased risk, particularly in children, adolescents, and young adults with major depressive and other psychiatric disorders ***Avoid abrupt withdrawal; serious discontinuation symptoms have been reported; gradual reduction in dose recommended ***Avoid concomitant use of serotonergic drugs, SSRIs, SNRIs; due to risk of serotonin syndrome
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Procarbazine HCl, linezolid, iproniazid, tranylcypromine, thioridazine, ergot derivatives, terfenadine, pimozide, toloxatone, pargyline, nialamide, moclobemide, furazolidone, clorgyline, phenelzine, bepridil, levomethadyl, mesoridazine, metoclopramide, isocarboxazid, and selegiline
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl Mechanism of Action
|
serotonin reuptake inhibitor with minimal effects on neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
|
|
|
Fluoxetine HCl Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***This drug may cause anticholinergic effects, sweating, weight loss, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, nausea, asthenia, insomnia, tremor, abnormal ejaculation, or impotence ***Instruct patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior, especially at initiation of therapy or with dose changes. Children and adolescents are at higher risk for these effects. ***Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug
|
|
|
Quetiapine brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Seroquel
Psych Atypical antipsychotic |
|
|
Quetiapine FDA Indication(s)
|
***Bipolar disorder, depressed phase ***Bipolar disorder, maintenance ***Adjunct therapy for major depressive disorder ***Manic bipolar I disorder ***Schizophrenia ***Schizophrenia maintenance
|
|
|
Quetiapine Dosage Forms
|
Oral tablet: 25mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg Oral tablet, extended release: 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg
|
|
|
Quetiapine Select Dosing
|
Adult: 50-600 mg QD or 400-800 mg daily, divided into 2 doses Pediatric: (at least 10 yrs old) 50-400 mg QD
|
|
|
Quetiapine Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Somnolence, extrapyramidal disease, weight gain Serious: Diabetic ketoacidosis, tardive dyskinesia, suicidal thoughts
|
|
|
Quetiapine Warnings and Precautions
|
***Monitor for suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression; due to increased risk, particularly in children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 18 to 24) ***Avoid abrupt withdrawal, as it may result in acute withdrawal symptoms; should be gradually withdrawn ***This drug should not be used concomitantly with other drugs that prolong the QT interval, or in patients who have a personal or family history of QT prolongation
|
|
|
Quetiapine Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Terfenadine, cisapride, bepridil, thioridazine, mesoridazine, and metoclopramide
|
|
|
Quetiapine Mechanism of Action
|
Antagonizes serotonin 5-HT1A, serotonin 5-HT2, dopamine D1, histamine H1, adrenergic alpha 1 and 2 receptors
|
|
|
Quetiapine Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***This drug may impair heat regulation. Use caution when performing activities that may increase the body's core temperature ***This drug may cause weight gain, increased appetite, dry mouth, constipation, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, fatigue, dysarthria, and asthenia ***Patients should report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior, especially at initiation of therapy or with dose changes
|
|
|
Diazepam brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Valium
Psych Benzodiazepine |
|
|
Diazepam FDA Indication(s)
|
***Alcohol withdrawl syndrome ***Anxiety ***Presurgery sedation, endoscopic procedures and cardioversion ***Refractory seizures that have increased in frequency ***Adjunct for seizure therapy ***Adjunct for skeletal muscle spasm therapy ***Skeletal muscle spasm (tetanus) ***Status epilepticus
|
|
|
Diazepam Dosage Forms
|
***Alcohol withdrawl syndrome ***Anxiety ***Presurgery sedation, endoscopic procedures and cardioversion ***Refractory seizures that have increased in frequency ***Adjunct for seizure therapy ***Adjunct for skeletal muscle spasm therapy ***Skeletal muscle spasm (tetanus) ***Status epilepticus
|
|
|
Diazepam Select Dosing
|
Oral tablet: 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg Oral solution: 5 mg/ 5 mL Injection solution: 5mg/ mL
|
|
|
Diazepam Select Adverse Events
|
Common: Incoordination, muscle weakness, respiratory depression Serious: Neutropenia
|
|
|
Diazepam Absolute Contraindications
|
Common: Incoordination, muscle weakness, respiratory depression Serious: Neutropenia
|
|
|
Diazepam Warnings and Precautions
|
***Severe hepatic insufficiency ***Hypersensitivity to diazepam ***Myasthenia gravis ***Acute narrow-angle glaucoma ***Pediatric patients, under 6 months old ***Severe respiratory insufficiency ***Sleep apnea syndrome
|
|
|
Diazepam Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
***Abrupt withdrawal, when used as an adjunct for the treatment of convulsive disorders; can increase the frequency or severity of seizures ***Avoid concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants ***Monitor for depression, severe, latent, or anxiety-associated; as suicidal tendencies may be present
|
|
|
Diazepam Mechanism of Action
|
Reduces neuronal depolarization through the action of binding to the A-type GABA receptors
|
|
|
Diazepam Patient Education/Special Instructions
|
***This drug may cause hypotension, ataxia, sedation, somnolence, respiratory depression, or fatigue. ***Patients receiving extended diazepam therapy should avoid abrupt discontinuation of drug in order to prevent withdrawal symptoms ***Patients should not drink alcohol while taking this drug
|
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
|
Vyvanse
Psych Stimulant |
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine FDA Indication(s)
|
***Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
|
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine Dosage Forms
|
Oral capsule: 20mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg
|
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine Select Dosing
|
Adults: 30-70 mg/day Pediatric: 30-70 mg/day
|
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine Select Adverse Events
|
Common: xerostomia, loss of appetite, insomnia Serious: CVA, Tourrette's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
|
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine Absolute Contraindications
|
***Symptomatic cardiovascular disease ***History of drug abuse or dependence ***Advanced arteriosclerosis ***Agitated states ***Concomitant use of MAOI's or use of MAOI's within 14 days of taking lisdexamphetamine ***Glaucoma ***Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines ***Moderate to severe hypertension ***Hyperthyroidism
|
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine Warnings and Precautions
|
***May exacerbate motor and phonic tics, Tourrette's syndrome, or psychosis ***Monitor for cardiovascular conditions that might be compromised by an increase in blood pressure (eg: MI, preexisting hypertension, ventr)icular arrhythmia ***Amphetamine misuse can cause sudden death and severe cardiovascular events
|
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
|
Clorgyline, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, selegiline, tranylcypromine, procarbazine, rasagiline, toloxatone, moclobemide, iproniazid, and nialamide
|
|
|
Lisdexamfetamine Mechanism of Action
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Hypothesized MOA: Dextroamphetamine, the active metabolite, is thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
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Lisdexamfetamine Patient Education/Special Instructions
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**This drug may cause weight loss, decrease or loss of appetite, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, headache, tics, or irritability ***Instruct patient to report new or worsened psychiatric problems, such as: behavior and thought problems, bipolar illness, aggressive behavior or hostility Children and adolescents may also experience new psychotic or manic symptoms ***Patient should report any chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, or symptoms of cardiac dysrhythmia, MI, or CVA
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Alprazolam brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
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Xanax
Psych Benzodiazepine |
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Alprazolam FDA Indication(s)
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***Anxiety ***Panic disorder
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Alprazolam Dosage Forms
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Oral tablet: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Oral tablet, disintegrating: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Oral tablet, extended release: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg Oral solution: 1 mg/ mL
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Alprazolam Select Dosing
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Adults: 0.25-2 mg TID Usual dosage range: 3-6 mg/day
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Alprazolam Select Adverse Events
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Common: incoordination, memory impairment, somnolence Serious: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, liver failure, drug-withdrawl seizure
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Alprazolam Absolute Contraindications
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**Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines ***Concomitant use of ketoconazole or itraconazole ***Acute narrow angle glaucoma
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Alprazolam Warnings and Precautions
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***Avoid abrupt dose reduction or discontinuation; there is an increased risk of withdrawal symptoms including life-threatening seizures; gradual dose reduction recommended ***Monitoring is recommended with patients with a history of alcohol or drug abuse due to risk of abuse and dependence ***There is an increased risk of suicidality with this drug
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Alprazolam Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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traconazole, ketoconazole, delaviridine, and indinavir
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Alprazolam Mechanism of Action
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Hypothesized MOA: Binds to several sites within the CNS, specifically the stereospecific benzodiazepine receptors on postsynaptic GABA receptors
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Alprazolam Patient Education/Special Instructions
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***Advise patient against abrupt discontinuation of drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms ***Advise patient and family to monitor for confusion with use, especially with elderly patients ***This drug may cause increased appetite, changes in weight, constipation, dizziness, dysarthria, memory impairment, somnolence, depression, or reduced libido
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Sertraline HCl brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
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Zoloft
Psych Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
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Sertraline HCl FDA Indication(s)
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***Major depressive disorder ***Obsessive-compulsive disorder ***Panic disorder ***Posttraumatic stress disorder ***Premenstrual dysphoric disorder ***Social phobia
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Sertraline HCl Dosage Forms
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Oral tablet: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Oral solution: 20 mg/ mL
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Sertraline HCl Select Dosing
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Adults: 25-100 mg/day Pediatric: 25-50 mg/day
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Sertraline HCl Select Adverse Events
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Common: headache, nausea, reduced libido Serious: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, serotonin syndrome
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Sertraline HCl Absolute Contraindications
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***Concomitant use of disulfram ***Concomitant use of MAOI's or pimozide ***hypersensitivity to sertraline
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Sertraline HCl Warnings and Precautions
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***Increased risk of suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression ***Avoid concomitant use of NSAIDs, aspirin, warfarin, or other drugs that affect coagulation; monitoring recommended during sertraline initiation and discontinuation ***Concomitant use of serotonergic drugs , SSRIs, and SNRIs is not recommended
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Sertraline HCl Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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Isocarboxazid, toloxatone, nialamide, selegiline, tranylcypromine, pimozide, phenelzine HCl, pargyline, iproniazid, moclobemide, procarbazine, and furazolidone
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Sertraline HCl Mechanism of Action
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serotonin reuptake inhibitor with minimal effects on neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
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Sertraline HCl Patient Education/Special Instructions
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***This drug causes anticholengeric effects, such as: diarrhea, dyspepsia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, tremor, agitation, yawning, abnormal ejaculation, reduced libido, and fatigue ***Instruct patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior ***Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug, as this may cause dysphoric mood, irritability, and agitation
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Olanzapine brand name, drug class, pharmacological category
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Zyprexa
Psych Atypical antipsychotic |
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Olanzapine FDA Indication(s)
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***Agitation, Bipolar I disorder ***Agitation, Schizophrenia ***Bipolar I disorder, acute mixed or manic episodes ***Bipolar I disorder, maintenance ***Schizophrenia
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Olanzapine Dosage Forms
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Oral tablet: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg Oral tablet, disintegrating: 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg Powder for intramuscular injection solution: 10 mg
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Olanzapine Select Dosing
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Adult: 5-20 mg/day Pediatric: 2.5-10 mg/day
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Olanzapine Select Adverse Events
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Common: weight gain, akathisia, somnolence Serious: Sudden cardiac death, diabetic coma with ketoacidosis, venous thromboembolism
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Olanzapine Warnings and Precautions
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***Cognitive and motor impairment have been reported ***Hyperlipidemia, hyperchlolesterolemia, and significant hypertriglyceridemia have been reported, periodic monitoring is recommended ***Increased risk of hyperglycemia, that may not resolve upon discontinuation of therapy. Monitoring is recommended
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Olanzapine Select Drug-Drug Interactions (Contraindicated)
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Levomethadyl and metoclorpramide
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Olanzapine Mechanism of Action
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Hypothesized MOA: works through a combination of antagonism at both dopamine and 5-HT 2 serotonin receptors
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Olanzapine Patient Education/Special Instructions
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***This drug may impair heat regulation. Use caution when performing activities that may increase the body's core temperature ***This drug may cause weight gain, constipation, xerostomia, dyspepsia, abnormal gait, and asthenia ***Patients should not drink alcohol while taking this drug
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