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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is additive reaction?
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a reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.
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What is synergist drug reaction?
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a drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions
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Some factors that affect drug reaction? What is the best factor to determine the way
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Age, weight (150 lbs), gender, disease, route of administration
AGE |
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What Unit of measure used in the military?
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metric
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What is drug-drug interaction?
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When one drug works with or interferes with the action of another drug
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Some factors that affect effectiveness of antibiotics?
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(a) location of the infection
(b) ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of infection (c) ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotic |
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How do antivirals work?
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Inhibit viral replication
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What anti-viral medication treats herpes and chickenpox
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Acyclovir
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What anti-viral medication treats cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
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Cidofovir
foscarnet ganciclovir valganciclovir |
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What anti-viral medication treats oral-facial herpes
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docosanol (abreva)
penciclovir |
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What anti-viral medication treats influenza A
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oseltamivir
zanamivir |
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Which is not a third generation cephlasporin
(a) cefdinir (b) cefditoren (c) cefoxitin |
cefoxitin
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how do antifungals work
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Antifungals kill (fungicidal) or stop growth of (fungistatic) susceptible fungi by affecting the permeability of the fungal cell membrane or protein synthesis within the fungal cell itself.
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how do non-narcotic analgesics work?
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Most non-opioid analgesics inhibit prostaglandin synthesis peripherally for analgesic effect and centrally for antipyretic effect.
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examples of muscle relaxants?
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Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Diazepam (Valium) Metaxalone (Skelaxin) Methocarbamol (Robaxin) |
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examples of narcotic analgesics?
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codeine
fentanyl used as a general anesthetic adjunct hydrocodone meperidine methadone morphine nalbuphine oxycodone |
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what else is fenatnyl used for most of the time?
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A general anesthesia adjunct
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examples of anti-migraine found in our ammal
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Sumatriptin-(can be returned to full duty after 8 hrs)
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narrow angle closure glaucoma, what are some of the medications that are contraindicated?
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Antidepressants,
antihistamines, antipsychotics, stimulants |
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what 2 classes are used to manage GERD?
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Histamine H2 antagonists / proton pump inhibitors
esomeprazole / cimetidine Dexlansoprazole / famotidine lansoprazole / nizatidine omeprazole / ranitidine pantoprazole / - rabeprazole / - |
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What is the class of medication that slows intestinal motility and propulsion? (Peristalsis)
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Anti-diarrheals = Loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate
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how do anti-nausea and anti-emetics work?
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Phenothiazines act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea and vomiting.
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what are nitrates used for?
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Treat and prevent angina
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how do nitrates work?
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Nitrates dilate coronary arteries and cause systemic vasodilation
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what is the therapeutic goal of antiarrythmics?
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The therapeutic goal is decreased symptomatology and increased hemodynamic performance.
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beta 1 blocker stimulates what?
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Beta1-adrenergic receptor sites are located chiefly in the HEART where stimulation results in increased heart rate, contractility, and AV conduction
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beta 2 blocker stimulates what?
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The LUNGS
Stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors produces vasodilation, bronchodilation, and uterine relaxation. |
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antihistamines. What are the anticholenergic properties?
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Most antihistamines have anticholinergic properties and may cause constipation, dry eyes, dry mouth, and blurred vision.
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bronchodilators is what type of beta blocker?
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Beta 2 blocker
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what type of medical conditions do beta 2 blockers have to be used cautiously?
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COPD, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease
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what are corticosteroids used for?
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systemically tx adrenocortical insufficiency.
Larger doses for their antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive, or antineoplastic activity Topical inflammatory and allergic conditions. Inhalant in the chronic management of reversible airway disease (asthma); intranasal and ophthalmic management of chronic allergic and inflammatory conditions. |
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what infections are corticosteroids contraindicated for?
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Fungal infections
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What causes decreased growth in children
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Corticosteroids, with long term use
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cough medicines… expectorant example
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Guaifenesin
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how do scabicides/pediculocides work?
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causes seizures and death in parasitic arthropods and cure active
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what are classes of medication used for oral poisoning?
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Absorbents
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What medication is used for type 1 diabetes?
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Insulin
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After you administer a narcotic analgesic, how many hours minimal before member can return back to work.
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8 hours
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who appoints, BSC, WSC and CSIB members?
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Commanding Officer
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what format should the CSIB appointment letters be.
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Standard navy letterhead
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when else should a CSIB inventory be conducted?
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COC, 30 days of a transaction, quarterly(92days)
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who prepares the inventory report?
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SMDR
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by default who can serve as the working stock custodian (WSC) on a ship?
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A pharmacy technician, one who hold the NEC
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what are some of the processes that are involved in pharmicokinetics?
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absorbtion, distribution, metabolism, excretion
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what is a contraindication for antidiarrheals?
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Unspecific abdominal pains w/ fever
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classes of antidepressants?
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SSRI, MAO, trycyclic antidepressants
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what are over-the-counter drugs?
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Drugs that can be purchased without the need of a physician or pharmacist
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phenolthiazines act on what zones?
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Phenothiazines act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea and vomiting.
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long term affect of anti-hemorrhoid medication?
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Muscle tissue atrophy due to the steroid in it
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contra-indications for beta blocker use?
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Cardio-genic shock, untreated CHF, heart block, bradyarrythmias, acute bronchospasms
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what do anti-lipids do?
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Bind lipid soluble vitamins (a,d,e,k).
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if you want something not in your AMMAL to be placed in your AMMAL, what do you do?
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Submit a request letter via chain of command to force medical officer
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form used for destruction of meds?
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DD-200
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form used for loss or theft of narcotic meds?
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DEA 106,
orig + 1 copy to DEA, 1 BUMED, 1 NCIS |
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individuals with bleeding disorders, what medications can you not prescribe them?
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Ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen
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what antivirals can you use to treat labial herpes?
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Docosanol & penciclovir
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know local anesthetics
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Lidocaine
Benzocaine Proparacaine (ophthalmic) Bupivacaine |
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Contraindications of contraceptives are
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Hypersensitivity to parabens or sesame oil,
breast or genital cancer, thromboembolytic dx |
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Examples of Beta blockers
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labetalol
nadolol propranolol sotalol atenolol esmolol metoprolol |
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What is on back of DD1289?
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patients will acknowledge receipt of the drug on the back
Witness (only if pt is incapacitated) |
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are routes of parental injection
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IM
SQ IO ID IV (Fastest) |
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Most nonopioid analgesics inhibit prostaglandin synthesis how
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peripherally for analgesic effect
centrally for antipyretic effect |
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Pyrdium is
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phenazopyridine
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Contraindications for Beta blocker use
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Advance heart block, cardiogenic shock, bradyarrythmias
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Goal for hypertensive therapy
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Prevent damage to organs
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Avoid use of beta blockers or calcium channel blockers in who
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in advanced heart block,
cardiogenic shock, or untreated CHF Because it will slow everything down so the heart will not contract (It will block electrical conduction the heart will stop) |
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What are symptoms brought by most anticholinergic properties
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dry eyes,
dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation |
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What to consider when administering bronchodilators
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Use cautiously in patients with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or hyperthyroidism
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Prolonged used of corticosteroids in large amounts of topical or inhaled agent will cause what
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systemic absorption and/or adrenal suppression
Long-term use in children will result in decreased growth |
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What cough medicine helps to expel/dissolve thick mucous
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Expectorant= Guaifenesin
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What cough medicine depresses the cough center by acting centrally
Or Peripherally acting drugs, which act by anesthetizing stretch receptors in the respiratory passages, thereby decreasing coughing |
Antitussive = Benzonatate (Tessalon pearls)
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Contraindication of scabicide?
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Hx of seizures
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is difference between absorption and adsorption
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Ad=flushes it out (magnet and paperclips) attracted and flush out the agent
Ab=takes it in (sponge and water) Binds drugs and chemicals in the GI tract causing decreased intestinal absorption |
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What meds do you avoid using with severe abdominal pain of unknown cause, especially when associated with fever
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antidiarrheals. and laxitives
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3 p's of diabetes
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polypalgia
polyuria – because sugars are an osmotic diuretic polydipsia |
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Macrolides examples
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azithromycin
clarithromycin erythromycin |
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Precautions to tell pts for muscle relaxants
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May cause drowsiness.
Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to drug is known. Advise patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants with these medications. |
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Cathartics, excess or prolonged use may result in
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Dependence
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hemorrhoidal agents do what
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reduce inflammation
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activities occurring within the body after a drug is administered, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
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Pharmacokinetics
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a drug INTERACTION that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions
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Synergism
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occurs when one drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effectiveness of another drug
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Antagonist drug reactions
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What are 1st generation cephalosporins
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cefadroxil
cefazolin cephalexin |
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What are 2nd generation cephalosporins
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cefaclor
cefotetan cefoxitin cefprozil cefuroxime |
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Used to control mild to moderate pain and/or fever.
Phenazopyridine is used only to treat urinary tract pain, and capsaicin is used topically for a variety of painful syndromes |
Non-narcotic analgesics
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inhibit prostaglandin synthesis peripherally for analgesic effect and centrally for antipyretic effect
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nonopioid analgesics
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Use cautiously in patients with a history of bleeding disorders, GI bleeding, and
severe hepatic, renal, or cardiovascular disease with what type of drug |
Anti-inflammatory drugs - NSAIDs
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What lowers fever by affecting thermoregulation in the CNS and by inhibiting the action of prostaglandins peripherally
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Antipyretics
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What is a receptor antagonist that acts on opioid receptors
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An opioid antagonist
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What stimulate the metabolism of other drugs that are metabolized by the liver, decreasing their effectiveness
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barbiturates =
pentobarbital (Nembutal) Phenobarbital (Solfoton) |
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May cause hypertension, tachycardia, and convulsions when used with MAO inhibitors
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Antidepressants
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May produce hypotension when used with antihypertensives, nitrates, or acute ingestion of alcohol.
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Phenothiazines
which act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea and vomiting. |
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Produce profound and varied metabolic effects, in addition to modifying the normal immune response and suppressing inflammation
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corticosteroids
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What are used for the acute management of many oral poisonings following emesis/lavage
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Absorbents
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a hormone produced by the pancreas, lowers blood glucose by increasing
transport of glucose into cells and promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen |
Insulin
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What lowers blood glucose by stimulating endogenous insulin secretion by beta cells of the pancreas and by increasing sensitivity to insulin at intracellular receptor sites
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Sulfonylureas,
nateglinide, repaglinide, and metformin |
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What may bind lipid-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
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Bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine and colestipol)
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