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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The major disadvantage of macrodilution is:
a. inaccurate b. ineffectively detects resistant strains of bacteria c. costly d. time and labor intensive |
d. time and labor intensive
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Which of the following most accurately describes a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)?
a. sinusitis b. otitis media c. pyelonephritis d. acute bronchitis e. pharyngitis |
d. acute bronchitis
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All of the following are patient factors to consider when prescribing antibiotics, except:
a. allergies b. renal / hepatic dysfunction c. antibiotic tissue penetration d. concurrent medications e. site of infection |
c. antibiotic tissue penetration
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Which of the following is most likely to cause a fever in the absence of an infection?
a. arthritis b. steroids c. antipyretics d. pneumonia |
a. arthritis
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Which of the following is the best definition of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
a. lowest concentration of drug to inhibit visible bacterial growth b. lowest concentration of antibiotic to kill 99.9% of a standard bacteria inoculums c. highest concentration of drug to inhibit visible bacterial growth d. highest concentration of antibiotic to kill 99.9% of a standard bacteria inoculums |
a. lowest concentration of drug to inhibit visible bacterial growth
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All of these are reasons to change from intravenous to oral administration of an antibiotic EXCEPT:
a. afebrile x 24-48 hours b. decreasing WBC c. decreasing kidney function d. functioning GI tract |
c. decreasing kidney function
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Which of the following most correctly describes empiric antibiotic therapy?
a. broad spectrum coverage needed b. avoid with serious infections c. narrow spectrum coverage needed d. begin only after results of culture and sensitivity are known. |
a. broad spectrum coverage needed
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Which of the following most accurately describes an infection of the genitourinary
tract? a. meningitis b. pyelonephritis c. otitis media d. bronchitis |
b. pyelonephritis
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Which of the following is most likely associated with an infection?
a. WBC (white blood cell) 13000 cells/mm3 b. WBC 3000 cells/mm3 c. (for a pulmonary infection) a normal appearing chest X-ray d. (for a urinary tract infection) a normal urinalysis |
a. WBC (white blood cell) 13000 cells/mm3
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Which of the following is most correct about a Gram stain?
a. used to identify a viral cause of an infection b. used to identify a fungal cause of an infection c. interpreted as “positive” if it turns purple d. interpreted as “positive” if it turns pink |
c. interpreted as “positive” if it turns purple
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Which of the following is most correct regarding “culture and sensitivity” testing?
a. the best time to collect sample is following the first dose of the antibiotic b. may be used to determine MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) c. may be used to distinguish colonization from infection d. a “susceptible” interpretation means that a therapeutic response is unlikely. |
b. may be used to determine MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)
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Which of the following patient factors should be included in any decision regarding pharmacotherapy of an infection?
a. inoculum effect, post-antibiotic effect b. site of infection, nosocomial vs. community origin c. organ (dys)function, concurrent medications d. tissue penetration |
c. organ (dys)function, concurrent medications
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Which of the following pathogen factors should be included in any decision
regarding pharmacotherapy of an infection? a. inoculum effect, post-antibiotic effect b. site of infection, nosocomial vs. community origin c. organ (dys)function, concurrent medications d. tissue penetration |
b. site of infection, nosocomial vs. community origin
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Which of the following is most correct regarding the post-antibiotic effect (PAE)?
a. most likely observed before administration of the first dose of an antibiotic b. is characteristic of all antibiotics c. occurs only with Gram-positive organisms d. persistent suppression of micro-organism after removal of antibiotic |
d. persistent suppression of micro-organism after removal of antibiotic
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Which of the following is most correct about monitoring ATB therapy of an
infection? a. treat ATB-induce diarrhea with an anti-diarrhea agent b. initial response to therapy my take up to two weeks c. therapy may be discontinued even if local sign/symptoms persist d. continue therapy until resolution of local signs/symptoms |
d. continue therapy until resolution of local signs/symptoms
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Which of the following most correct regarding antibiotic (ATB) use for treatment of
infection? a. begin with most narrow spectrum ATB b. multiple ATBs are contraindicated c. initiate therapy only after susceptibility results have been reported d. begin with most broad spectrum ATB |
d. begin with most broad spectrum ATB
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Jane’s physician diagnoses her with cellulitis. Cellulitis is an infection of which
organ? A. CNS B. Abdomen C. Skin D. None of the above |
C. Skin
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All of the following are factors which may cause a false negative determination of
fever, EXCEPT: A. Steroids B. Cancer C. Antipyretics D. Sepsis |
B. Cancer
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The lowest concentration of drug that inhibits visible growth of a bacterium is known as:
A. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) B. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) C. Microdilution D. Macrodilution |
A. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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Laura is diagnosed with an infection in her central nervous system. Which of the following most correctly describes this infection?
A. meningitis B. osteomyelitis C. peritonitis D. pharyngitis |
A. meningitis
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Initiating antimicrobial therapy before the offending organism is identified is called
A. Streamlined therapy B. Empirical therapy C. Narrow Agent therapy D. Both A and C are correct |
B. Empirical therapy
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Adam is currently in the hospital for treatment of pneumonia. His physician would like to switch him from an intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) antibiotic. Which of the following criteria must be met before Adam can be switched to an oral antibiotic?
A. no change or an increasing white blood cell count B. declining white blood cell count C. dysfunctional gastrointestinal tract D. persistent body temperature > 101°F |
B. declining white blood cell count
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Adam is currently in the hospital for treatment of pneumonia. His physician would like to switch him from an intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) antibiotic. Which of the following clinical findings would be most consistent with resolution of
Adam’s pneumonia? A. persistent body temperature of 40°C (104°F) B. resolution of chest x-ray abnormalities C. persistent white blood cell count 12,000 (nl: 5,000 – 10,000) D. cough and/or sputum production |
B. resolution of chest x-ray abnormalities
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Adam is currently in the hospital for treatment of pneumonia. His physician would like to switch him from an intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) antibiotic. Adam is now being prepared for discharge. Which of the following would be most INAPPROPRIATE to inform him about his antibiotic(s)?
A. take all doses B. make up “missed” doses at end of therapy C. manage all side effects at home D. take with/without food |
C. manage all side effects at home
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Which of the following is most characteristic of colonization?
A. always considered normal flora B. only a problem with skin infections C. only a problem with GI tract infections D. colonizing bacteria must be eradicated before antibiotic therapy can be started |
A. always considered normal flora
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When monitoring the complete blood count (CBC) with differential in a patient with an infection,
which of the following best describes the term “left-shift”? a. Essentially the same thing as leukocytosis or elevated white blood cell count (WBC). b. Increased number of granulocytes (i.e. neutrophils and bands) c. It occurs when the WBC > 25,000 cells/mm3 d. Increased numbers of platelets and mast cells |
b. Increased number of granulocytes (i.e. neutrophils and bands)
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Which of the following would be a clinical situation where the use of a combination of two or more
antibiotics would be justified? a. Empiric broad-spectrum coverage for a polymicrobial infection b. Prevent development of resistant organisms. c. Treatment of a serious infection caused by resistant organisms (e.g. Enterococcal endocarditis). d. All of the above. |
d. All of the above.
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In a typical antibiotic susceptibility report, the results for various antibiotics are usually reported as S
(susceptible or sensitive), I (intermediate), or R (resistant). When interpreting the results from this report, what does the term I (intermediate) mean? a. Highly likely to achieve optimal therapeutic outcome with usual doses of antibiotic. b. Likely to achieve optimal therapeutic outcome with usual doses of antibiotic. c. May achieve optimal therapeutic outcome with use of maximal antibiotic doses d. Not likely to achieve optimal therapeutic response. |
c. May achieve optimal therapeutic outcome with use of maximal antibiotic doses
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Following emergent resection of a portion of his large bowel, RGG, a 63 year old male, develops a
severe pneumonia and is treated empirically with combination parenteral antibiotics. Which of the following information will be needed in order to subsequently streamline this antimicrobial therapy? a. results of the Gram stain b. the antibiogram c. the culture/sensitivity report d. serum concentrations of the antibiotics |
c. the culture/sensitivity report
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WBC Normal Count
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5,000 - 10,000 cell / mm^3
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Neutrophils Normal Count
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50-70%
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Lymphocyte Normal Count
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20-40%
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Eosinophils Normal Count
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0-5%
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Bands Normal Count
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3-5%
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Monocyte Normal Count
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0-7%
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Basophil Normal Count
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0-1%
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