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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to contribute to a prescribing error?
a. Drug information b. Poor hand writing, use of abbreviations c. Computerized order entry d. Insufficient patient-specific information |
c. Computerized order entry
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Which of the following most closely defines an adverse drug reaction?
a. Any inappropriate medication use while the medication is in control of a healthcare professional b. Any noxious, unintended, or undesired effects of a drug that are expected or well-known and result in little or no change in patient management c. Any noxious, unintended, and undesired effects of a drug that occur at doses used for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. |
c. Any noxious, unintended, and undesired effects of a drug that occur at doses used for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment.
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Which of the following criterion is most useful for classifying a drug as OTC?
a. patient should have access to a pharmacist to assist with diagnosis b. disease or condition must be amenable to self-treatment c. symptoms of disease/disorder should be difficult to recognize d. medication may, in limited clinical settings, have a high potential for adverse events. |
b. disease or condition must be amenable to self-treatment
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Prevention of adverse drug events by a clinical pharmacist includes all of the following except:
a. Right drug b. Right clinician c. Right patient d. Right dose/route |
b. Right clinician
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Product labeling of an OTC product must be stated clearly, so that “ordinary” patients can understand terminology, including those:
a. With language barriers b. With minimal medical knowledge c. Who are younger or older in age d. With low reading comprehension |
d. With low reading comprehension
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Monitoring drug therapy includes which of the following:
a. Patient past medical history b. Patient past medication history c. Evaluation of signs/symptoms of disease d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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Which of the following can lead to confusion when a prescription drug switches to OTC?
a. Loss of counseling opportunity from pharmacist b. Misleading advertising c. Misperceptions regarding safety d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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According to the course syllabus each unexcused absence will result in a ____ percentage point deduction from a student’s final grade.
a. 1 b. 5 c. 10 d. 15 |
b. 5
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Which of the following most closely characterizes PubMed?
a. Primary literature b. Secondary literature c. Tertiary literature d. Reference literature |
b. Secondary literature
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Which of the search strategies below is best to use to answer the question, “How long does it take Topamax-induced glaucoma to resolve spontaneously?"
a. Primary literature first, followed by secondary literature b. Tertiary literature first, followed by secondary literature c. Secondary literature first, followed by primary literature d. Tertiary literature first, followed by secondary literature |
c. Secondary literature first, followed by primary literature
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A study published in 2008 that describes management of diabetes in adult patients would be best considered which of the following?
a. Primary literature b. Secondary literature c. Tertiary literature d. Reference literature |
a. Primary literature
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Which of the following is NOT a common barrier to direct communication in the workplace?
a. Available time b. Belief that it is “not my job” c. Low confidence d. Lack of ability |
a. Available time
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Which database will most frequently be able to provide information on drugs that are used outside of the United States?
a. Micromedex (Martindale) b. Clinical Pharmacology c. PubMed d. Up-To-Date |
a. Micromedex (Martindale)
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Physical barriers to communication include:
a. Drive through pharmacy windows b. Large countertops with a safety glass partition c. Elevated pharmacy work area d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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Which of the following outlines the most logical way to approach a drug information question?
a. Systematic search, classification, obtaining background information, response, reclassification b. Classification of request, obtaining background information, systematic search, reclassification, response c. Classification of request, obtaining background information, systematic search, response, reclassification d. Obtaining background information, reclassification, systematic search, classification of request, response |
c. Classification of request, obtaining background information, systematic search, response, reclassification
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The best way to deal with a physically challenged patient is to:
a. Avoid eye contact b. Stare at them c. Ignore them d. Treat them as you would any other patient. |
d. Treat them as you would any other patient.
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What type of literature is most appropriately used to answer the following question: “What is the current dose recommended for use of enoxaparin for treatment of a DVT in a pregnant woman?”
a. Primary literature b. Secondary literature c. Tertiary literature |
c. Tertiary literature
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Studies have indicated that more than 60% of medication errors are caused by mistakes in:
a. Intrapersonal communication b. Interpersonal communication c. Filling process d. Data process |
b. Interpersonal communication
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Many schedule V medications may be sold legally to adults in small amounts without
a prescription. Munyerostatin (Doeirngolol) is a schedule V medication that cannot be sold without a prescription. This is because... a. it is very expensive b. the package states “Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription” c. it contains a large dose of codeine d. it has numerous drug interactions |
b. the package states “Federal law prohibits dispensing without
a prescription” |
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GRASE stands for
a. Government Regulated As Safe and Effective b. Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective c. Grandfathered Recognized, Academically Studied for Effectiveness d. Generally Rendered As Solely Effective e. Gators Romped in Arizona Swiftly and Effectively |
b. Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective
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Pharmacists can legally prescribe in which states:
a. New York b. California c. Florida d. B and C |
c. Florida
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Lab errors may be suspected when which of the following situations occur?
a. The error’s magnitude is great b. The result agrees with a confirmatory test result c. The result is inconsistent with clinical information d. a and b e. a and c |
e. a and c
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An OTC drug can:
a. be used safely and effectively by reading and following the directions on the label b. be used properly by a person of average intelligence c. be harmful if misused d. be used to treat a condition that is self-diagnosed e. all of the above |
e. all of the above
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A new herbal product has been put on the market called Gator-Tough© and states
that it helps support a proper muscle function. It contains as its sole active ingredient “Joelinum mcconkium 4X” which has not been shown to be safe or effective in any trials. The ingredient in this product would fall into the category of: a. Category I b. Category II c. Category III d. Category IV |
c. Category III
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Oral antibiotics are not available OTC because…
a. Many infections are not easily diagnosed or may be viral b. Misuse of oral antibiotics may create resistant pathogens c. OTC topical antibiotics are indicated to treat most infections d. all of the above e. a & b only |
e. a & b only
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Name the government publication that is published every working day of the year
and can assist Pharmacists in keeping up with deliberations concerning nonprescription products and devices. a. The Pharmacist’s Letter b. The Federal Register c. Pharmacy Today d. The Federal Letter |
b. The Federal Register
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The most appropriate approach to patients who present with a history of previous Adverse Drug Reaction’s is _______, which involves avoiding a drug due to a
previous ADR encounter: a. “Better late than never” b. “Better safe than sorry” c. “Bet your bottom dollar” d. “Better get a second opinion” |
b. “Better safe than sorry”
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Which of the following is NOT typically an important piece of information to gather
when assessing a patient for use of an over the counter product? a. Patient’s age b. Patient’s sex c. Patient’s sexual orientation d. Patient’s indication for use |
c. Patient’s sexual orientation
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Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of an adverse drug reaction?
a. Patients may actually gain confidence in the health care system. b. An Adverse Drug Reaction can mimic disease c. An Adverse Drug Reaction can adversely affect a patient’s quality of life. d. An Adverse Drug Reaction may preclude drug use in some patients. |
a. Patients may actually gain confidence in the health care system.
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Which of the following is FDA approved for self treatment of insomnia?
a. Diphenhydramine 100 mg b. Diphenhydramine 50 mg c. Melatonin 3 mg d. Zolpidem 5 mg e. All of the above |
b. Diphenhydramine 50 mg
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Which of the following is/are risk factor(s) for developing an Adverse Drug
Reaction? a. Drug allergy b. Using higher than normal dosing c. Underlying medical conditions d. Disease stage e. All of the above are risk factors |
e. All of the above are risk factors
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Which of the following is/are appropriate sleep hygiene technique(s)?
a. Regular exercise during the day b. Avoidance of daytime napping c. Restricting use of the bedroom to sleeping, intimacy, and light reading d. Avoidance of large meals around bedtime e. a, b, and d |
c. Restricting use of the bedroom to sleeping, intimacy, and light reading
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Which of the following is the best way to initiate a patient counseling session
regarding the potential purchase of an over the counter product? a. “May I ask you a few questions before recommending something?” b. “All of these products are similar; you can go ahead and pick any one you’d like.” c. “Before I recommend something for you, I need to ask you a few questions first.” d. “Cough and cold items are on aisle 14.” |
c. “Before I recommend something for you, I need to ask you a few questions
first.” |
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Which of the following patients will most likely be able to self treat with an over the
counter sleep aid? a. A patient who has been anxious about upcoming examinations in school; it has been about 4 days since he got a decent night’s sleep. b. A patient reports that his wife is constantly complaining about his unbearable snoring at night; he has also noticed a drastic increase in daytime drowsiness over the past month. c. A patient reports that over the past 10 days she has not been able to fall asleep because of “this shaky leg.” d. All of the above patients would be candidates to use an over the counter sleep aid. |
a. A patient who has been anxious about upcoming examinations in school; it
has been about 4 days since he got a decent night’s sleep. |
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After appropriately triaging a patient, which of the following is the most appropriate
conclusion to the interaction? a. Recommending an over the counter product b. Recommending a treatment strategy other than an over the counter agent. c. Referring the patient to his primary care physician d. All of the above are appropriate |
d. All of the above are appropriate
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The FDA placed non-prescription ingredients into three categories. Category I
indicates that an ingredient has: a. Insufficient evidence to prove safety and/or effectiveness. b. Sufficient evidence that the ingredient is unsafe and/or ineffective. c. Sufficient evidence of safety and effectiveness. d. Sufficient evidence that the ingredient is cheap. |
c. Sufficient evidence of safety and effectiveness.
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You are asked to look up the answer to the following question: “What is the correct
dose of acetylcysteine 20% solution for prevention of contrast media induced nephrotoxicity (an off-label use)?” Which of the following will LEAST likely have the answer to this question? a. PubMed b. PDR c. Micromedex d. Clinical Pharmacology |
b. PDR
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When the FDA published a “Final Rule”, categories I, II and III ingredients were
placed into two groups. The group that did not meet monograph conditions included which of the following? a. Category I b. Category II c. Category III d. B and C |
d. B and C
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A patient asks you about the most common side effects of pethidine, a medication
she takes for pain. The patient further informs you that she is from Great Britain and obtains this medication from there. Which of the following would be the best source of information about this medication? a. PubMed b. PDR c. Micromedex d. Clinical Pharmacology |
c. Micromedex
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In a complete Rx to OTC switch, such as for Rogaine and Nix, which of the
following does not apply? a. The product becomes available OTC b. All dosage strengths become available OTC c. A prescription version still remains d. The product was initially available by prescription only |
c. A prescription version still remains
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You are asked to identify a round, white, scored tablet with the markings 54 on the
top and 583 on the bottom. In which of the following are you LEAST likely to locate this information? a. PubMed b. PDR c. Micromedex d. Clinical Pharmacology |
a. PubMed
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When the FDA considers an Rx-to-OTC switch, which of the following factors is/are
considered? a. Safety b. Effectiveness c. Labeling d. All the above |
d. All the above
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You are asked to identify an equivalent product and dose for the Australian
medication gliclazide 30 mg (Diamicron MR). In which of the following are you LEAST likely to locate this information? a. PubMed b. PDR c. Micromedex d. Clinical Pharmacology |
b. PDR
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Which of the following will most likely prohibit switching a medication from Rx to
OTC? a. Minimal potential for abuse/misuse b. Ability of patients to self-diagnose condition c. Need for routine lab work d. Labeled with adequate directions for proper use |
c. Need for routine lab work
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The Rx-to-OTC switch can result in confusion for patients because of all of the
following EXCEPT: a. Increased need for pharmacist counseling b. Dual Rx and OTC marketing c. Misperceptions regarding safety d. Misleading advertisin |
a. Increased need for pharmacist counseling
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Which of the following is the BEST strategy to improving patient care when counseling a patient about an OTC medication?
a. Ignore the patient b. Read information directly off the label to the patient c. Discuss the consequences of the products use beyond that which is on the label d. Do not recommend any OTC products |
c. Discuss the consequences of the products use beyond that which is on the label
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What event brought about the creation of the 1938 Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act?
a. Rotten food b. Sulfanilamide liquid c. Thalidomide d. Overuse of opioids |
b. Sulfanilamide liquid
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Which of the following is NOT an option included in patient Triage?
a. To self treat b. Not To Treat c. To refer d. All are part of the patient triage |
d. All are part of the patient triage
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The Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962 required that drugs must be:
a. Effective b. Safe c. Non-toxic d. A and B |
d. A and B
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Which of the following is UNnecessary for the pharmacist to obtain from the patient when considering the use of nonprescription drugs?
a. Current medication use (This is an important piece of information to gather from the patient to determine any potential drug interactions) b. Intended use of the product c. Any other health conditions d. Allergies to medications e. Social Security number |
e. Social Security number
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Which law first created two classes of drugs, Rx and OTC?
a. Kefauver-Harris Amendment b. Durham-Humphrey Amendment c. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act d. OBRA 90 |
b. Durham-Humphrey Amendment
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the label of a nonprescription
product? a. Absolute Contraindications b. Routes of Administration c. Ingredients d. Consult a physician prior to use e. Warnings |
b. Routes of Administration
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Which of the following is the best definition of an OTC product?
a. A product that can be used by consumers of average intelligence by reading and following the directions on the label. b. A product that can be used by consumers of above-average intelligence by reading and following the directions on the label. c. A product that can be used by consumers of average intelligence only by following the directions of a pharmacist. d. A product that can be used by consumers of average intelligence only under medical supervision. |
a. A product that can be used by consumers of average intelligence by reading and following the directions on the label.
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What are the 4 steps IN ORDER that a pharmacist should take when acting as a
triage expert? a. Counsel the patient, acquire the patient’s information, acquire knowledge of nonprescription products, analyze the patient information b. Analyze the patient information, acquire the use of nonprescription products, counsel the patient, acquire the patient’s information c. Acquire knowledge of nonprescription products, acquire the patient information, analyze the patient information, counsel the patient d. Counsel the patient, analyze the patient information, acquire the patient information, acquire knowledge of nonprescription products. |
c. Acquire knowledge of nonprescription products, acquire the patient
information, analyze the patient information, counsel the patient |
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Which of the following most correctly describes REM sleep?
a. Rapid eye movements. b. Reduced physiologic activity. c. The majority of dream time. d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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When should a pharmacist refer a patient who has insomnia to a physician?
a. When the patient is ≥ 16 years old. b. When the patient has an underlying medical condition that may be responsible for the insomnia. c. When the patient has hypertension. d. All of the above. |
b. When the patient has an underlying medical condition that may be responsible for the insomnia.
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Which of the following most correctly characterizes the term “insomnia”?
a. A wide-awake individual who cannot sleep at all and stays awake all night long. b. Sleep latency exceeds 30 minutes and whose sleep efficiency is less than 85%. c. Sleep latency exceeds over 1 hour. d. Sleep efficiency is less than 60%. |
b. Sleep latency exceeds 30 minutes and whose sleep efficiency is less than
85%. |
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Which of the following describes most appropriate sleep hygiene?
a. Patient should eat a heavy meal right before going to sleep. b. Caffeine should be avoided completely. c. Alcohol should be consumed 30 minutes before going to bed to facilitate sleep. d. Patient should not nap at all during the day. e. Patients should engage in regular, moderate exercise immediately before going to sleep. |
d. Patient should not nap at all during the day.
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Non-prescription sleep-aids are most appropriate for:
a. Short-term insomnia only. b. Transient insomnia only. c. a or b. d. long-term insomnia only. |
c. a or b.
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Which of the following is the best recommendation for sleep hygiene?
a. An hour or so should be set aside before bedtime to wind down and to relax. b. The patient should go to bed at certain time even when not sleepy. c. The patient should work in the bedroom until feeling sleepy. d. If the patient is unable to sleep within 10 minutes after going to bed, s(he) should simply get up and do some exercise. |
a. An hour or so should be set aside before bedtime to wind down and to relax.
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Non-prescription sleep-aids are safe and effective when used for:
a. Reducing the time to fall asleep. b. Relieving chronic sleeplessness. c. Patients younger than 12 years old. d. Sleeplessness that persists for more than 2 weeks. |
a. Reducing the time to fall asleep.
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In which one of the following situations, should a pharmacist recommend a nonprescription
sleep-aid? a. A college student who is concerned about sleeplessness due to an upcoming PCAT. b. A patient with obstructive sleep apnea. c. A chronic insomnia patient with cluster headache. d. A patient with chronic psychophysiologic insomnia(“learned insomnia”). |
a. A college student who is concerned about sleeplessness due to an
upcoming PCAT. |
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The label on non-prescription sleep-aids warns against use in individual who has:
a. A breathing problem (such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis). b. Glaucoma. c. Difficulty in urination. d. All of the above. e. a and b only. |
d. All of the above.
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Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation for a parent whose 18 month old child wants to play and does not want to go to sleep?
a. Give Unisom for 2-3 days. b. Give Nytol maximum strength. c. Give diphenhydramine 12.5 mg before bedtime. d. Refer the child to a pediatrician. |
d. Refer the child to a pediatrician.
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Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation for the patient with short-term insomnia?
a. Diphenhydramine 25 mg and Acetaminophen combination product. b. Diphenhydramine 25 mg. c. Drink whisky. d. Eat a light snack and do some light exercise before going to bed. |
b. Diphenhydramine 25 mg.
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Which of the following will most likely resolve if the dose of the drug is lowered?
a. Side effect b. Hypersensitivity c. Idiosyncratic reaction d. Allergy |
a. Side effect
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing an Adverse Drug Reaction?
a. Drug allergy b. Using higher than normal dosing c. Underlying medical conditions d. Disease stage e. All of the above are risk factors |
e. All of the above are risk factors
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In general, the overall goal of an OTC product is to:
a. cure diseases b. relieve symptoms of minor illnesses c. relieve symptoms of major illnesses d. allow symptomatic relief of serious illnesses, but only until the patient can get to a doctor |
b. relieve symptoms of minor illnesses
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The definition used by the Food and Drug Administration for an OTC drug stipulates that it "Can be used safety by consumers of average intelligence by reading and following directions on the label." Which of the following help(s) determine(s) if the ingredient meets all of these terms?
a. the dose of the active ingredient(s) b. the adequacy of the labeling c. the nature of the disease being treated d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Some conditions are easy to evaluate for self-therapy and some require further evaluation available only through the doctor's office. Which of the following would be primarily through the doctor's office and not to the pharmacist?
a. appropriate lab tests b. duration of symptoms c. severity of symptoms d. x-rays e. a and d |
e. a and d
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Under the new labeling requirements for OTC drugs, when an ingrediant is absolutely contraindicated in certain situation or patient type, what specific words are to be used on the label?
a. Contraindicated b. Warning c. Do Not Use d. Use caution e. Any of the above are acceptable |
c. Do Not Use
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Under the new labeling requirements, the appropriate language that will be used to advise patients when signs of toxicity are present is ________ followed by the words "Ask a doctor. These may be signs of a serious condition."
a. Caution: Posion b. Stop using this product if c. Warning: May be hazardous to your health d. Toxic signs include e. All of the above are acceptable |
b. Stop using this product if
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Under the new labeling guidelines for OTC drugs, manufacturers would not be required to list the quanities of active ingredients, but would be required to list only the active ingredients themselves (without the mg quatities)
a. True b. False |
b. False
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Does Florida law permit you to sell Robitussion AC without a prescription?
a. yes, but only after you have exhausted all other OTC choices b. yes, but only if the person is over 21 years of age and also meets other legal requirements c. no, under no conditions may codeine be sold OTC d. no, codeine may be sold in some states, but Florida law forbid OTC sale of codeine |
a. yes, but only after you have exhausted all other OTC choices
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Before making a self-care recommendation, it is important for the pharmacist to do a patient evaluation. All of the following questions should be asked in Every consultation Except which one?
a. severity of symptoms b. duration of symptoms c. underlying diseases or conditions d. products already tried or usually tried e. adjusted gross income of the family |
e. adjusted gross income of the family
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Under Federal law, what quantity of Robitussin AC can legally be sold as an OTC Schedule V controlled substance?
a. 1 ounce b. 2 ounces c. 3 ounces d. 4 ounces e. 8 ounces |
b. 2 ounces
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In general, nonprescription drugs are not recommended for children less than:
a. 12 years of age b. 6 years of age c. 2 years of age d. 6 months of age e. 1 month of age |
a. 12 years of age
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According to the OTC review process, ingredients that lack evidence of safety or efficacy will ultimately be taken off the market. When the final determination of ineffectiveness or lack of safety is made, these ingredients will have been placed into:
a. Category I b. Category II c. Category III d. Category IV e. Category V |
c. Category III
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The definition used by the Food and Drug Administration for an OTC drug stipulates that "Can be used safely by consumers of average intelligence by reading and following directions on the label." Which of the following help determine if the ingredient meets these terms?
a. the dose of the active ingredients b. the nature of the active ingredients c. the adequacy of the labeling d. the nature of the disease being treated e. all of the above |
e. all of the above
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When recommending over the counter medications it is important for you to know:
a. Brand name products since many patients appreciate brand recognition b. Active ingredients of products since brand name products can be confusing because of line extensions c. Single entity products only, they are the best OTC products d. At least one good product in each category, it's bound to work for everyone |
b. Active ingredients of products since brand name products can be confusing because of line extensions
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Sometimes the dose of the drug determines whether it can be sold otc or on a prescription-only basis. Which of the following drugs is availabel at a lower dosage as an OTC, and at a higher dosage as an Rx Medication?
a. Phenylpropanolamine b. Pseudophedrine c. Naproxen sodium d. Acetominophen e. Diphenhydramine |
c. Naproxen sodium
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In what year was the formal distinction between OTC and prescription drugs made?
a. 1906 b. 1938 c. 1951 d. 1962 e. 1972 |
c. 1951
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True/False
All drugs in Schedule V can be sold without a prescription in Florida provided the person is 18 years or old and they sign the bound registry attesting to the fact that they have not purchased a similar product within the past 48 hours. |
True
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When checking the patient profile of a patient you notice she has been receiving prescriptions for Zantac 150 mg twice daily for peptic ulcer disease. She asks you if she should take OTC version of the drug to save money. You should answer:
a. Yes, it would be a good way to save money because the product sold OTC should do the job for her b. No, she should not convert because it would actually cost her more to take the OTC product in the dosages she has been getting, otherwise it would be okay c. yes, but she must make sure she takes the equivalent dose of the OTC product, even if it means exceeding the labeled maximum dose d. no, she must remain under the doctor's supervision while being treated for peptic ulcer disease, the OTC drug is only intended for heartburn e. no, it is a violation of state and federal law for a person to knowingly deviate from the label directions on an OTC drug |
d. no, she must remain under the doctor's supervision while being treated for peptic ulcer disease, the OTC drug is only intended for heartburn
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In which reference can you find the Final Monograph or the Final Rule for over the counter medications?
a. Handbook of Nonprescription Drug b. Federal Register c. Physician's Desk Reference d. Facts and Comparisons |
b. Federal Register
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Mrs. Paul enters your pharmacy and has a 2-day history of cough and a stopped up nose. Your response to her is:
a. Any of the products containing guaifenisen will work for your cough. b. You can try Robotussin DM, which contains guiafenisen and dextromethorphan c. Plain dextromethorphan producst with a decongestant with help with the cough and nasal congestion d. Before I can make a recommendation, I would like to ask you a few questions to determine which over the counter is best for you, e. Your cough sounds serious. You should see a doctor |
d. Before I can make a recommendation, I would like to ask you a few questions to determine which over the counter is best for you,
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Customer comes into the pharmacy and tells about difficulty sleeping. In the past week he reports sleeping about 4 hours a night when he usually sleeps 8-10 hours. What questions should you ask him?
a. Do you have any allergies? b. Do you have any medical conditions c. What other medications are you taking d. Have you had this problem before? If so what medications did you use? e. All of the above |
e. All of the above
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When FDA considers a medication for over the counter status, which of the following questions are considered?
a. What are the risks to the patient who uses the medication but does not have the condition for which the medication was intended? b. What are the risks to the patient who has the condition and does not seek medical attention but chooses to use the nonprescription medication instead? c. What is the potential length of time the patient might use the nonprescription product before seeking medical attention? d. a, b and c e. a and c |
d. a, b and c
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