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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Etiologies of CAP
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-chlamydia (atypical)
-h. influenzae (-) -legionella (atypical) -moraxella (-) -mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypcial) -staph aureus (+) -strep pneumoniae (+) |
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Upper lobe involvement indicates:
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aspiration, TB
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Lower lobe involvement indicates:
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most bacterial pneumonias
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Who should sputum staining and culture be performed for?
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all patients admitted to the hospital
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Empiric outpatient tx of CAP
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-macrolide OR
-doxycycline OR -FQ |
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Inpatient, general medical ward empiric treatment of CAP
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-ES cephalosporin + macrolide
-BL/BLI + macrolide -BL/BLI + FQ |
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Inpatient, ICU empiric treatment of CAP
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-ES ceph +FQ
-ES ceph + macrolide -BL/BLI + FQ -BL/BLI + macrolide |
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Etiology of Nosocomial pneumonia
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CAP +
-Gram - bacilli -Anaerobes -Stenotrophoomonas maltophilia |
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Empiric antibiotic therapy for HAP in patients with no known risk factors for MDR pathogens, early onset, and any disease severity
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-ceftriaxone OR
-Levo, moxi, ciprofloxacin OR -ampicillin/sulbactam OR -ertapenam |
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Empiric antibiotic therapy for HAP in patients with late-onset disease or risk factors for MDR pathogens and all disease severity
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Antipseudomonal ceph (cefepime, ceftazidime) OR
Antipseudomonal ceph (imipenam, meropenam) OR BL/BLI (pipercillin/tazobactam) **PLUS** Antipseudomonal FQ (cipro, levo) OR aminoglycoside (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin) **PLUS** Linezolid OR vancomycin |
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Duration of therapy for HAP
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7-14 days; 14-21 days for severe infections caused by organisms such as pseduomonas
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Non-pharmacological therapy
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-O2, hydration, nutrition
-bronchodilators: albuterol-improve oxygenation in bronchospastic pts; ipratropium-dry excessive respiratory secretions) -chest PT, smoking cessation |
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Treatment of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae therapy
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-Telithromycin and newer generation FQs
-Vancomycin only for high-level drug-resistant S. pneumoniae infection (>2mcg/ml) |
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Alcoholism
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-strep pneumoniae
-anaerobes |
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Poor dental hygiene
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anaerobes
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Large-volume aspiration
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anaerobes
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Airway obstruction
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-anaerobes
-s. pneumoniae -h. influenzae -s. aureus |
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Structural disease of lung (cystic fibrosis)
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-pseudomonas
-s.aureus |