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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nearly all of this class of antibiotics are renally excreted
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beta-lactams
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Avoid the use of these hepatotoxic agents in hepatic insufficiency
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rifampin/rifabutin, pyrazinamide
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Avoid these drugs in myasthenia gravis
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aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones
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PCN spectrum of activity
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gram +
-strep -enterococcus |
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PCN adverse events
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seizures (high doses)
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Anti-staphylococcal spectrum of activity
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gram +
-strep -MSSA |
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Anti-staphylococcal adverse events
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cholestatic hepatitis
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Aminopenicllins spectrum of activity
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gram +
-strep, enterococcus, staph, listeria gram - -e.coli, proteus, h.influenzae |
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Aminopenicillins adverse events
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diarrhea
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Anti-psudeomonal spectrum of activity
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gram +
-stap, strep, enterococcus gram - -community acquired and nosocomial pathogens anaerobes |
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Anti-pseudomonal adverse events
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hypokalemia, platelet dysfunction
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Beta-lactam/BLI spectrm of activity
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gram +
-staph, strep, enterococcus gram - -broader community acquired and nosocomial pathogens enhanced anaerobic coverage |
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1st gen cephalosporins spectrum of activity
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gram +
-staph, strep gram - -e.coli, klebsiella, proteus |
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2nd gen cephalosporins spectrum of activity
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gram +
-staph, strep (activity vs staph much less than 1st gen) gram - -ecoli, klebsiella, proteus, neiseria, moraxella, h.influenzae |
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3rd gen cephalosporins
spectrum of activity |
gram +
-strep gram - -community and nosocomial pathogens |
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4th gen cephalosporins spectrum of activity
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more active vs gram + organisms than 3rd gen, but has equivalent gram - coverage to 3rd gen
more active vs pseudomona aeruginosa and oral anaerobes |
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Carbepenem spectrum of activity
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gram +
-staph, strep, enterococcus gram - -community and nosocomial pathogens anaerobes |
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Carbapenams adverese events
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seizures; cross allergy w/ pcn
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Carbapenams uses
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-touch nosocomial infections
-when broad coverage against resistant pathogens is needed -reserved for patients who have failed other broad-spectrum antibiotics |
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monobactams (aztreonam) spectrum of activity
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aerobic gram - rods only
(similar to aminoglycosides) |
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Monobactams use
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-no empiric indication
-avoidance of nephrotoxicity due to aminoglycosides |
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Aminoglycosides spectrum of activity
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gram +
-synergistic only for staph, strep, and enterococcus gram - -aerobic gram - rods |
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Aminoglycoside adverse events
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-nephrotoxicity
-vestibular toxicity -ototoxicity -neuromuscular junction blockade |
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Aminoglycoside uses
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adddtional gram - coverage to existing antimicrobial regimen
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Fluoroquinolones spectrum of activity
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cipro: gram -
-broad spectrum, most active quinolone vs p.aeruginosa -atypical coverage levo, moxi,gati, grepa: broad spectrum gram - activity -good activity vs S.pneumoniae -atypical coverage |
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Fluoroquinolones adverse events
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CNS effects (seizures, ha), phototoxicity, CI in children
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Fluoroquinolone uses
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respiratory tract infections, UTIs, some nosocomial infections
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Macrolides spectrum of activity
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strep, h.influenzae, moraxella
atypical azithromycin/clarithromycin active vs mycobacteria avium |
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Macrolide adverse events
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gi upset, metallic taste (clarithromycin)
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Macrolide uses
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-community acquired URIs
-tx of MAC -otitis media/sinusitis |
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Metronidazole spectrum of activity
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"below the diaphragm" anaerobes
-bacteroides fragilis -C. diff certain protozoan pathogens -giardia |
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Metronidazole adverse events
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metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy (reversible)
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Metronidazole uses
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-intra-abdominal infections
-C. diff |
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Clindamycin spectrum of activity
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"above the diaphragm" anaerboes
-mainly gram + organisms (s. pneumoniae, enterococcus, s. aureus) |
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Clindamycin adverse events
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diarrhea
-c. diff colitis |
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Clindamycin uses
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-adjunctive coverage for oral anaerboes
-aspiration penumoniae -cellulitis -targeted therapy toward susceptible gram + organisms |
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Vancomycin spectrum of activity
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only aerobic gram + organisms
-staph, strep, enterococci |
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Vancomycin adverse events
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-red-man syndrome
-rare ototoxicity |
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Vancomycin uses
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-infections caused by MRSA
-empiric coverage for resistant pathogens in severe infections |