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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Somatic motor to target organ:
Receptor? Neurotransmitter? |
Receptor: N1 receptor
Neurotransmitter: ACh |
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Parasympathetic preganlionic to postganglionic:
Receptor? Neurotransmitter? Location? |
Receptor: N1 receptor
Neurotransmitter: ACh Location: Near organ |
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Sympathetic preganlionic to postganglionic:
Receptor? Neurotransmitter? Location? |
Receptor: N2 receptor
Neurotransmitter: ACh Location: Sympathetic chain ganglion |
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Parasympathetic postganglionic to target organ:
Receptor? Neurotransmitter? |
Receptor: Muscarinic (M1-M5)
Neurotransmitter: ACh |
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Sympathetic postganglionic to target organ:
Receptor? Neurotransmitter? |
Receptor: α & β adrenergic receptors
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine |
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How many Ach molecules need to bind to activate the N2 receptor?
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2 ACh molecules
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What second messenger pathway do M1, M3, & M5 receptors affect?
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Parasympathetic action:
(1) Gi --> Increase IP3 & DAG |
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What second messenger pathway do M2 & M4 receptors affect?
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Parasympathetic action:
(1) Gi --> Decrease cAMP |
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Stimulation of of vascular smooth muscle by ACh?
Innervation? |
Stimulation of of vascular smooth muscle by ACh:
(1) ACh-> M3 receptor (endothelial cell)-> IP3/DAG increase-> NO (nitric oxide)-> Smooth muscle-> Guanylate cyclase (activation)-> SMC relaxation & dilation of blood vessel (early) (2) VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide)-> VIP receptor (SMC)-> Decrease Ca2+-> SMC relaxation & dilation of blood vessel (longer term stimulation) Innervation: There is NO parasympathetic innervation of the vasculature |
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What second messenger pathway do β2 adrenergic receptors affect?
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Sympathetic action:
(1) Gs --> Increase cAMP levels |
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What second messenger pathway do β1 adrenergic receptors affect?
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Sympathetic action:
(1) Gs --> Increase cAMP levels (2) Cardiac & skeletal muscle: Direct stimulation of V-gated Ca2+ channels |
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β1 adrenergic receptor stimulation results in these physiological changes:
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Sympathetic action:
(1) Increase HR [] (2) Increase myocardial contractility (3) Increase renin release (4) Increase lipolysis (5) Relaxation of SMC [phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase to inactive form] |
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β2 adrenergic receptor stimulation results in these physiological changes:
Systemic? Eye? Other? |
Sympathetic systemic action:
(1) Bronchodilation (2) Increase lipolysis (3) Increase liver gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis (4) Increase glucagon (5) Relax SMC in uterus, GIT, & genitourinary tract Eye: (1) Increase aqueous humor production by cilliary body Other: (1) Inhibit histamine release |
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β3 adrenergic receptor:
What second messenger pathway is used? Stimulation results in what physiological changes? |
Sympathetic action:
(1) Gq --> Increase IP3/DAG Sympathetic action: (1) Increase lipolysis in adipose tissue |
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What second messenger pathway do α1 adrenergic receptors affect?
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Sympathetic action:
(1) Gq --> Increase IP3/DAG |
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What second messenger pathway do α1 adrenergic receptors affect?
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Sympathetic action:
(1) Gi --> Decrease cAMP |
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α1 adrenergic receptor stimulation results in these physiological changes:
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Sympathetic action:
(1) Vasoconstriction [Increase resistance & BP] (2) Increase liver gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis (3) Increased closure of internal sphincter of the bladder (4) Relaxation of GIT SMC [Increased Ca2+ cause hyperpol and relax of Ca2+ dependent K+ channels] |
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α2 adrenergic receptor stimulation results in these physiological changes:
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Sympathetic action:
(1) Decrease insulin (2) Mainly inhibitory responses Note: Many α2 receptors found within the brain |
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Sympathetic stimulation of of vascular smooth muscle.
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(1) ATP-> Purinoceptor (cation channel that allows Ca2+ & Na+ in)-> SMC contraction (rapid)
(2) Norepinephrine-> α1 receptors-> Increase IP3/DAG -> Increase Ca2+-> SMC contraction (intermediate) (3) Neuropeptide Y-> Y1 receptor-> Increase Increase Ca2+ (unknown mechanism)-> SMC contraction (slow response) |
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What is the β-adrenergic receptors have the potency series for different agonists:
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isoproterenol > epinephrine ≥ norepinephrine
β1 & β3: Approximately equal affinity for epinephrine and norepinephrine β2: Higher affinity for epinephrine than for norepinephrine. |
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What is the α-adrenergic receptors have the potency series for different agonists:
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Epinephrine ≥ norepinephrine >> isoproterenol
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