Pharmacology.block 1 Anti Htn

Front 1

Thiazide diuretics work by _ in the _.

The main example of this type of drug is _

Back 1

inhibiting NaCl contransporter in the distal convoluted tubule

HydrocloroTHIAZIDE

Front 2

The first line therapy for most hypertensive patients is _.

Side effects include _

Back 2

A thiazide diuretic such as HydrocloroTHIAZIDE.

hypokalemia and hypercalcemia

Front 3

_, although is used as the first line therapy in most hypertensive patients is contraindicated in patients who have renal dysfunction.

Back 3

Hydrochlorothiazide

Front 4

Hydrochlorothiazide, although is used as the first line therapy in most hypertensive patients is contraindicated in patients who have_

Back 4

renal dysfunction.

This drug acts on the NaCl cotransporter found in the distal convoluted tubule, as well as induces PG E production (which enhances renal profusion).

Front 5

_ diuretics are indicated in patients with renal compromise, and are good for edema, but not very good for hypertension.

Back 5

Loop diuretics (ie Furosemide)

- These diuretics inhibit the Na/K/2Cl transporter found in the thick ascending loop of henle

Front 6

Furosemide is a _ diuretic. Where is it's site of action?

Back 6

loop diuretic

It inhibits the Na/K/2Cl transporter found in the thick ascending loop of henle

Front 7

What are some side effects of Furosemide?

Back 7

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts on the Na/K/2Cl transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle.

Side effects include hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis ----Electrolyte Imbalance!

Front 8

In a patient who has poor renal function, _ is ineffective, but _ is effective.

Back 8

Hydrochlorothiazide (a thiazide diuretic acting on the distal convoluted tubule Na/Cl) is ineffective.

Furosemide (a loop diuretic acting on the thick ascending loop of henle Na/K/2Cl) is indicated in these patients

Front 9

The primary Potassium sparing diuretic is _. This inhibits _ reabsorption in the _

Back 9

Spironolactone

Aldosterone and therefore Na reabsorption in the Collecting Duct

It is used as an adjunct with other diuretics

Front 10

Spironolactone is a _ diuretic.

What are some of it's side effects?

Back 10

K sparing diuretic.

It inhibits Aldosterone, and therefore Na reabsorption in the collecting duct, it is used as an adjunct with other diuretics

Side effects include Hyperkalemia, and gynecomastia (therefore, in males, you should Rx Eplerenone instead for K sparing)

Front 11

The use of beta blockers can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, except one. What is it?

Back 11

Sweating

Hypoglycemia triggers a sympathetic response and therefore most symptoms are blocked except sweating which uses cholinergic fibers, despite being SANS mediated

Front 12

Beta blockers are indicated for patients with _

What are some side effects of beta blockers?

Back 12

coexisting conditions such as an MI, angina pectoris, CHF.

Side effects include decreased libido, hypotension, bradycardia, increased triglycerides and cholesterol.

Front 13

The primary Non selective Beta blocker is _. It is contraindicated in _ patients.

Back 13

PropranOLOL

asthmatics, because it causes bronchoconstriction.

Front 14

Abrupt discontinuation of propanolol will cause _

Back 14

First of all, you must know that propanOLOL is a beta blocker.

Abrupt discontinuation of beta blockers causes reflex tachycardia, increased BP, and nervousness.

Front 15

What are examples of selective Beta 1 blockers?

Back 15

AtenOLOL, MetoprOLOL, AcebutOLOL.

(All beta blockers end in OLOL) Selective beta 1 blockers - AMA

Front 16

All ACE inhibitors end in - _. The two main examples are _. These drugs are indicated in patients with _

Back 16

-PRIL

EnalaPRIL
captoPRIL

Front 17

What Anti HTN class is indicated for patients with diabetes?

Back 17

ACE inhibitors. (enalaPRIL, captoPRIL). These drugs prevent the formation of angiotensin II, reducing Na and water retention, therefore lowering BP. They help slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy d/t PG formation and vasodilation in kidney vascular efferents

Front 18

What anti HTN class is indicated for patients who have renal compromise?

Back 18

Loop diuretics such as Furosemide. These inhibit the Na/K/2Cl transporter in the thick ascending loop of henle

Front 19

_ are contraindicated in pateints with bilateral renal artery stenosis

Back 19

ACE inhibitors (and Renin Inhibitors).

This includes enelaPRIL, captoPRIL, and Aliskiren (renin inhibitor)

Front 20

LoSARTAN and valSARTAN block _. They are contraindicated in _

Back 20

These are both ARB's, and block Angiotensin II Receptors.

They are contraindicated in pregnancy and hyperkalemia.

Front 21

What are the examples for Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers?

Back 21

ARbs include losARtan, and valsARtan.

(both end in SARTAN, but remember the AR in ARBs)

Front 22

Losartan and Valsartan are indicated for _. What do they do?

Back 22

mild hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephrotoxicity.

They block ATII receptors at the At - 1 receptor, therefore inhibiting aldosterone secretion. Results in vasodilation and reduction in TPR.

Front 23

What are examples of Calcium channel antagonists?

Back 23

Nifedipine and Verapamil

Front 24

What is the MOA for Aliskiren?

Back 24

It is a renin inhibitor. It inhibits the conversion of angiotensinogen to angI.

This is usually given with a thiazide diuretic

Front 25

_ is indicated in patients with angina, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, asthma, and older patients

Back 25

Ca Channel antagonists, such as Nifedipine and Verapamil

Front 26

_ is used for symptomatic relief of BPH

Back 26

A1 adrenergic antagonist (PRAZOSIN)

Front 27

_ and _ can be indicated in hypertensive emergencies and pheochromocytoma.

Back 27

LabetaLOL and carvediLOL These are both Alpha 1 and beta antagonists.

They decrease HR and contractility by inhibiting beta receptors, and cause vasodilation and decrease TPR via alpha receptors

Front 28

Patient comes into the ER with a BP of 195/130 acute target organ injury. What should you prescribe?

Back 28

The patient is in a hypertensive emergency, and needs LABETALOL OR CARVEDILOL

Front 29

Nitroprusside can cause _

Back 29

cyanide toxicity. it is rapidly acting and works via increasing cGMP and causing arteriole and venous dilation

(This is a vasodilator along with hydralazine and minoxidil)

Front 30

Vasodilators include _, _, and _

Back 30

hydralazine, minoxidil, and sodium nitroprusside

Front 31

Centrally acting sympathomimetic agents include _ and _.

Back 31

Clonidine and Methyldopa

Front 32

Clonidine has direct action on _ receptors resulting in a _

Back 32

alpha 2 receptors

decrease in TPR

Front 33

_ and _ are contraindicated in pregnancy. However, _ , _ and _ are widely used

Back 33

ACE inhibitors (PRILs) and ARBS (-sARtans).

Methyldopa, Hydralazine, and Ca Channel Blockers (nifedipine, and verapamil)

Front 34

Diabetics are often prescribed _ and _ to control BP and slow renal deterioration

Back 34

ACE inhibitors (-PRILS)

ARBs (sARtans)