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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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eicosanoids have t1/2 on order of ___
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1 min
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PLD makes ___ into ___
PLA2 makes ___ into ___ |
phospholipid
phosphatidic acid phosphatidic acid AA |
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PLC makes ___ into ___
DAG lipase makes ___ into __ |
phospholipid
DAG DAG AA |
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4 kinds of eicosanoids
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prostaglandins (PG)
thromboxanes (TX) leukotrienes (LT) lipoxins (LX) |
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COX makes ___ (2) from AA
lipoxygenase makes ___ (2) |
PG
TX LT LX |
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COX is inhibited by ___ (2)
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NSAIDs
CS |
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lipoxygenase is inhibited by ___, which is used in ___
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zileuton
asthma |
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CS cause ___ of COX
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downregulation
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PLA2 is inhibited by ___s, which is induced by ___
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lipocortins
CS |
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prostanoids are ___ (2)
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PGs
TXs |
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TXA2 is made by ___
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platelets
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PGI2 is made by ___ and is aka
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endothelial cells
prostacyclin |
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PGE2 is made by ___
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MQs
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PGD2 is made by ___
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mast cells
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if OH is at top of cyclopentane it's PG___
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D
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if OH is at bottom of cyclopentane it's PG___
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E
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if OHs are at both top and bottom of cyclopentane it's PG___
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Falpha
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the number in the eicosanoid name indicates ___
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# of DBs
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eicosapentaenoic acid is a ___ acid
eating this causes production of ___ which is good because ___, which means ___. |
omega 3
TXA3 it's less active than TXA2 less vasoconstriction |
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prostanoid receptors are ___s
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GPLR
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aspirin causes ___ COX inhibition via ___
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irreversible
acetylation of AA channel |
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2 prostanoids which inhibit platelet aggregation
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PGD2
PGI2 |
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3 prostanoids which promote vasodilation
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PGD2
PGI2 PGE2 |
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TXA2 causes ___ (2)
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platelet aggregation
vasoconstriction |
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aspirin inhibits some/all platelet aggregation patheways
PGI2 inhibits some/all platelet aggregation pathways |
some (TXA2)
all |
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the reason NSAIDs work is that they affect ___ more than ___, because ___
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TXA2 synthesis
PGI2 synthesis platelets don't have a nucleus so they can't make more COX |
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epoprostenol is synthetic ___ used in ___ (2)
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PGI2
hemodialysis 1' pulmonary HTN |
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aspirin reduces risk of ___ cancer
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colon
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NSAIDs can reduce effectiveness of ___
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loop diuretics
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PGD2 smooth muscle effect
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relaxation of GIT, uterus
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PGF2alpha smooth muscle effect
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myometrial contraction
bronchoconstriction |
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TXA2 smooth muscle effect
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bronchoconstriction
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PGE2 smooth muscle effect via EP1
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GI contraction
bronchoconstriction |
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PGE2 smooth muscle effect via EP2
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GI relaxation
bronchodilation |
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PGE2 smooth muscle effect via EP3
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GI contraction
myometrial contraction |
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prostanoids which cause myometrial contraction
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PGE2
PGF2alpha |
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___ is synthetic ___ used for abortion
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dinoprostol
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___ aka ___, a ___ analogue, is used after mifepristone for abortion
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gemeprost
misoprostol PGE1 |
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___ is 15-methyl___, for abortion or for postpartum hemorrhage
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carboprost
PGF2alpha |
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___ is a ___ analogue for open angle glaucoma
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lataonoprost
PGF2alpha |
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___ is synthetic ___ used to maintain patency of ductus arteriosus
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alprostadil
PGE1 |
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___ is used to close ductus arteriosus
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NSAIDs
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in inflammation, ___ (3) cause vasodilation directly and indirectly, but only cause ___ (2) indirectly; the indirect effect is via ___
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PGD2
PGE2 PGI2 edema pain HA bradykinin |
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___ causes fever
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PGE2
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T/F: PGE2 also has anti-inflammatory effect
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true
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aspirin can cause ___ in children
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Reyes syndrome
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paracetamol has strong ___ (2) effects but weak ___ effect
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analgesic
antipyretic antiinflammatory |
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T/F: paracetamol is GI-protective
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false
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naproxen is similar to ___ but with longer t1/2
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ibuprofen
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indomethacin and piroxicam have high/low analgesic effect, high/low antipyretic effect, and high/low antiinflammatory effect. they are associated with ___, especially ___.
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high
high high GI side effects piroxicam |
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Reye's syndrome is
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encephalitis
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Aspirin can cause asthma by ___ing
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shunting AA metabolism towards LTs
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paracetamol aka ___ has wide/narrow therapeutic window
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acetaminophen
narrow |
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in stomach, PG___ (2) act on ___ receptors on parietal cells to ___ and on ___ receptors on superficial cells to ___ (2)
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E2
I2 EP3 decrease H+ secretion EP3 increase bicarb secretion increase mucus secretion |
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misoprostol is GI protective by ___ing via ___ receptor
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inducing vasodilation which clears H+
EP2 |
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anticoagulant use is a risk factor for ___
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NSAID-induced GI damage
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4 ways to reduce NSAID-induced GI damage
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misoprostol
PPIs H2 antagonists coxibs |
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___ is an H2 antagonist
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ranitidine
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T/F: all NSAIDs may cause or worsen HTN
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true
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___ (3) aka ___ are the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis
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cysteinyl LTs
LTC4 LTD4 LTE4 |
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cysteinyl LTs are produced by ___ (4)
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eosinophils
basophils MQs mast cells |
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___ is a chemoattractant for MQs, neutrophils
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LTB4
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cysteinyl LTs cause ___ (2) in lungs and ___ (2) in vessels
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bronchoconstriction
mucus secretion reduced BP increased permeability |
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cysteinyl LTs are more/less effective than HA
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1000x more!
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___ inhibits lipoxygenase
___ (3) inhibit cysteinyl LT receptor |
zileuton
zafirlukast pranlukast montelukast |
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LT antagonists don't work for ___
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acute asthma attack
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