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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Quick summary of Benzodiazepines
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anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, antiepileptic
AMs and PAMs |
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Examples of long acting Benzos?
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Ativan - lorazepam
Valium - diazepam *Lunesta - eszopiclone |
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Examples of short acting Benzos?
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Xanax - alprazolam
*ambien *sonata *remelteon |
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What are the effects and indications for benzodiazepine?
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- calming effect on CNS
- muscle relaxant - reduce excessive neuronal stimulation indications - insomnia, agitation, irritability, nervousness, anxiety - depression - epilepsy |
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What are toxic effects of benzodiazepines?
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somnolence (sleepy), confusion, reduced refexes, COMA
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What happens when you overdose on benzodiazepines?
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toxic effects occur (somn, conf, coma)
however, not lethal if taken alone only lethal (resp depression, hypotension) when given with other CNS depressants b/c of additive effect (alcohol or barbituates) |
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What are food and drug interactions with benzos?
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grapefruit juice - absorption altered
cimetidine - prolongs action MAOIs and herbal valerian and kava - prolongs effect |
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antidote for benzo toxicity?
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flumazenil
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Quick summary of barbituates
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-BARBITAL
anesthetic, antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic |
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why are benzos commonly chosen over barbituates?
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benzos less adverse effects
- no resp depression - less reduced REM - non lethal - barbs is habit forming |
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What is mechanism for barbituates?
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GABA agonist - operates on cerebral cortex and reticular formation (brain stem)
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what is role of reticular formation?
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sleep and awake cycle
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adverse effects of barbituates?
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reduced REM
hepatic enzyme inducer - causes quicker metabolism of drugs |
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Signs of toxicity for barbituates?
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respiratory depression
sleep to coma |
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When will someone be intentionally put into phenobarbital coma?
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extreme cases of seizures, OD on phenobarbital
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How is OD of barbital treated?
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fluids, O2, ventilation as needed
activated charcoal - adsorbs drugs into stomach, removing them from circulation - b/c liver metabolism is hindered with large amounts of barbital |
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What drugs are used to treat muscle spasms?
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baclofe, diazepam, cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone
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drugs used to treat muscle spasticity?
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baclofen, diazepam
dantolene - prevents Ca release in skeletal muscle |
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muscle spasticity vs muscle spasm
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muscle spasm - caused by trauma or inflammation, or chronic back pain
spasticity - increased muscle tone, stiff movements. caused by nerve damage |
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Baclofen adverse effects and ingerventions
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nausea constipation urinary retnenton
- monitor I&O - intake high fiber foods |
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Nursing interventions for muscle relaxants
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start at low dose, watch for CNS depression, do not DC abruptly
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