Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is epilepsy?
|
abnormal firing of neurons hypersynchronously
|
|
|
How do antiepileptics decrease sensitivity of neurons on molecular level?
|
decrease cell intake of Na or K
increase effect of GABA |
|
|
What are mechanisms of antiepliptic drugs on neurons?
|
- increase threshold
- suppress transmission - decrease speed of transmission |
|
|
What are the different types of seizures?
|
simple partial
complex partial generalized: tonic clonic myoclonic atonic absence |
|
|
what is it called when seizures come in tandem, producing a prolonged seizure?
|
status epilipticus
|
|
|
differentiate between partial and generalized seizures
|
partial - localized on one hemisphere, no LOC
generalized - both hemispheres, LOC |
|
|
Describe the kinds of generalized seizures
|
(tonic = sustained upper body muscular contraction, flexion of arms
clonic = alternation between musc contraction and relaxation) tonic-clonic myoclonic = musc jerks atonic = muscle weakness, LOC absence = loss of awareness, spasmodic blinking |
|
|
What is a grand mal seizure?
|
another name for generalized seizure, in which there is LOC and both hemispheres involved
|
|
|
How should a nurse advise a patient that is substituting one AED for another?
|
GRADUAL increase and decrease
gradual increase - finds therapeutic dosage gradual decrease - abrupt causes seizures and status epilipticus |
|
|
What are the first line of drugs for epilepsy?
|
traditional, first line of drugs
- valproic acid - barbituates (phenobarbitol, primidone) - hydantoins (phenytoin, fosphenytoin) - iminostilbenes (carbamazapide) |
|
|
what type of seizures does valproic acid treat?
|
- only aed to treat absence and myoclonic. also treats tonic clonic.
|
|
|
what type of seizures does phenobarbitol treat?
|
generalized tonic clonic and partial
|
|
|
what type of seizures does phenytoin treat? vs fosphenytoin?
|
all types of seizures except myoclonic and absence.
same for fosphenytoin |
|
|
what type of seizures does carbamazapide?
|
gnerealized tonic clonic, and partial
|
|
|
What drugs treat status eplipticus?
|
barbie dan and pam
barbituates hydantoins benzodiazepine (diazepam, lorazepam) |
|
|
What does Gabapentin treat?
|
partial seizures
|
|
|
What does ethozuximide treat?
|
absence seizures
|
|
|
What are common adverse effects of AED's?
|
CNS - fatigue, dizzyness, loss of coordination, speech problems
|
|
|
What is Steven Johnson syndrome?
|
autoimmune reaction, often caused by meds (many AEDs included)
S&S: starts out as fever, sore throat RASHES - skin, ULCERS in mouth and genitals and anus LETHAL |
|
|
What should you do when rashes appear in epileptic patient?
|
notify HCP immediately
AEDs may cause lethal steven johnson syndrome |
|
|
Why is there ablack box warning for AED's?
|
may cause suicidal ideation and behaviors
|
|
|
What are important things to educate patient when giving AED?
|
- controls symptoms, not a cure
- never stop without notifying provider (may exacerbate seizures) |
