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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name the three monoamines that are potentiated by antidepressants.
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serotonin
dopamine norepinephrine |
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what are tricyclic antidepressants used for?
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major depression
bipolar disorder substance induced mood disorder |
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how do TCAs work?
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reuptake inhibition of norepi and serotonin
can block muscarinic, histiminic, and adrenergic receptors |
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name three examples of TCAs.
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amitriptyline
amoxapine clomipramine |
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name three side effects of TCAs.
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blurred vision
xerostomia urinary retention |
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name three adverse effects of TCAs.
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cardiac overstimulation
slowed AV conduction blocks alpha adrenergic receptors causing reflex tachycardia |
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how do TCAs react with rou cong rong?
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increases activity of serotonin, dopamine, and norepi
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what should you be careful about with CHM and TCAs?
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there is a narrow therapeutic index--use general caution
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name three things SSRIs are used for.
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depression
anxiety panic disorders |
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how do SSRIs work?
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prevents reuptake of serotonin from the synpatic cleft
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are SSRIs effective immediately?
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no--they take 3-8 weeks to become effective
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are there more side effects associated with SSRIs than with TCAs?
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there are fewer side effects with SSRIs
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name three examples of SSRIs.
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fluoxetine (prozac)
setraline |
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what is serotonin syndrome?
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when you combine MAOIs with SSRIs you can see muscle fasciculations, sweating, erections, tremors, myoclonus, shivering, seizures
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how do SSRIs interact with guan ye lian qiao (st. johns wort)?
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inhibits serotonin reuptake and can cause serotonin syndrome
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what are MAOIs used for?
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atypical depression
phobias parkinsons strong anxiety |
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how do MAOIs work?
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inhibition of MAO causes more monamine to be available in the presynaptic neuron and the presynaptic cleft
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name three side effects of MAOIs.
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drowsiness
orthostatic hypotension blurred vision dry mouth |
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how do MAOIs and tyramine interact?
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inhibition of MAO can cause adverse reactions in foods containing tyramine (aged cheese, chicken, liver, red wine)
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what is tyramine?
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amine which causes elevated blood pressure and tachycardia by displacing norepi from storage vesicles. tyramine is generally produced by decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine during fermentation of food products.
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name three examples of MAOIs.
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isocarboxazid
phenelzine rasagiline |
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can you combine MAOIs with other sedatives?
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no. it can cause toxic sedation.
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name two dopamine reuptake inhibitors.
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wellbutrin
zyban |
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name three side effects of DRIs.
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mania
suicide seizures |
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name three side effects of lithium.
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nausea
diarrhea drowsiness |
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how does lithium interact with pu gong ying?
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lithium toxicity is worsened due to pu gong yings diuretic effects--causes Na secretion.
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how do neuroleptics work?
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they block dopamine and serotonin receptors thus preventing activation
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what are the two classes of neuroleptics?
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typical--used longer, more serious side effects
atypical--primarily inhibits serotonin receptors |
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name three examples of typical neuroleptics.
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chlorpromazine (thorazine)
perphenazine prochlorperazine (compazine) |
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name three examples of atypical neuroleptics.
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clozapine
olanzapine pallperidone |
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name three side effects of neuroleptics.
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parkinsons effects
tardive dyskinesia drowsiness and lowered blood pressure |
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what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
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can develop with use of neuroleptics and can be fatal
sx: muscle rigidity, fever, stupor, unstable blood pressure, myoglobinemia |
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how do neuroleptics interact with bing lan and da fu pi?
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exacerbates extrapyramidal symptoms
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how do neuroleptics interact with man jing zi?
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may weaken effects of dopamine antagonists.
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what are opioid analgesics?
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broad term derived from anything containing morphine and codeine
good for pain management |
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what happens when the body releases endogenous opioid peptides?
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endorphins relieve pain
enkephalins increase pain threshold dynorphins inhibit dopamine release and act as an analgesic |
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what are opioid analgesics used for?
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pain
severe headaches managing opioid addictions antitussives |
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what are the three major opioid receptors?
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kappa
mu delta located in the brain, spinal cord, and periphery |
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how is opium classified in TCM?
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astringent
represses and constrains LU qi astringes intestines stops pain |
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name three herbs to avoid when using opiods.
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bai jiang cao
bai shao chan tui |
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why wouldn't you use qin jiao with opioids?
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it inhibits the CNS
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what shen calming herbs increase the effects of opioids?
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suan zao ren
tian ma tian nan xing wu jia pi |
