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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxygen Class?
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Gas
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Pharmacology action of oxygen?
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Enters via the respiratory system, then travels via the hemoglobin in RBC's to serve the function of cellular respiration.
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What are the Contraindications for oxygen?
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None in the emergency setting
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Oxygens precautions and negative side effects
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-Dry mucous membranes
-Irritation of the upper respiratory tract - Decreased stimulus to breath in C02 retaining COPD patients. |
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Oxygen Dosage Via Nasal Canula
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1-6 LPM
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Oxygen Dosage Via Simple face mask
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8-10 LPM
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Oxygen Dosage Via Non rebreather mask
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10-15 LPM
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Oxygen Dosage Via BVM
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15+ LPM
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Oxygen Dosage Via CPAP
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20+ LPM
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Why are CO2 retaining patients a precaution with oxygen?
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Normally a patient is stilted to breathe by elevated CO2 levels in the body. Patients with CO2 retaining COPD are stimulated to breath based on oxygen levels. Thusly elevating oxygen levels reduces stimulus to breath.
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What drug class is Lidocaine?
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Antiarrhytmic and Sodium Channel Bocker
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What is the function of a Antiarrhytmic
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drugs that are used to suppress abnormal rhythms
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What is the function of a Sodium Channel Blocker
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Sodium channel blockers are agents that impair conduction of sodium ions through sodium channels
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What is the function of liodcaine on the Purkinje fibers
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It decreases automaticity of them and raises the polarization threshold in the ventricular fibers.
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What is the purpose of decreeing automaticity of the purkunje fibers
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Decreases the tendency for the heart muscle to fibrillate.
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What is the onset time for Lidocain hydrochloride
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less than 3 minutes
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What are indications for lidocaine?
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- V-tac or wide complet tachycardia with pulses
-Pulseless Vtac - Following successful defibrillation |
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What situation that doesn't involve Cardiovascular injury indicates lidocaine and why?
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Pre-intibation in head injuries. (May decrease the rise in ICP associated with intubation.)
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What are the contraindications of lidocaine
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Hypersensetivity to any of the "caines"
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What are some side effects of lidocaine has on the CNS
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Sleepiness, Dizziness, disorientation, confusion and convulsions.
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What are some side effects of lidocaine has on the Cardiovascular system
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Hypotension, Bradycardia, decreased myocardial contractility.
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What is the Dosage given for an adult who is having cardiovascular indications and needs Lidocaine?
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1-1.5 MG/KG IVP; may repeat doses every 3-5 minutes at 0.5-0.75 to a total dose of 3mg/kg. May then start continuous infusion of 1-4 MG/min use 4mg/ml concentration for infusion
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What class is Epinephrine
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Sympathomimetic
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What is the function of a Sympathomimetic
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It mimics chemicals within the sympathetic nervous system.
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Epinephrine is commonly referred to as
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Adrenaline
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Epinephrine mimics adrenaline by having what actions on the heart.
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It increases myocardial electrical activity, Heart Rate, Cardiac and contractile force.
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Epinephrine causes a large amount of peripheral vasoconstriction which leads to.
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Increased blood pressure
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What effect does Epinephrine have on the airway.
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It increased tidal volume and vital capacity as-well as reduces overall pulmonary congestion and airway resistance.
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What are the indications for epinephrine in an emergency setting.
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-To restore cardiac rhythms in a cardiac arrest event.
- Allergic reaction/ anaphylaxis - Bradycardia refractory to dopamine |
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What are the contraindications for Epinephrine
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Hemorrhagic shock
Cardiogenic shock hypertension |
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Precaustion and side effects
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Weakness, headache, dizziness, syncope, hypertension, MI/CVA and tachycardia
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What is the proper dose of Epinephrine to administer to and adult patient in cardiac arrest
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-(1MG IO/IV 1:10,000 every 3-5 minutes PRN)
- 2-2.5MG ETT 1:1,000 every 3-5 minutes , repeat until vascular access is acheived) |
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What is the proper dose of epinephrine to give to a patient suffering from anaphylaxis?
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- 0.3-0.5 MG 1:1000 SC/IM (repeat ever 5-15 minutes as needed)
- 0.5-1.0 MG 1:10,000 IV/IO if SC/IM is ineffective. |
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Dextrose class
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Carbohydrate
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What is the principal pharmacology of Dextrose?
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It is a form of glucose used to create energy within the body
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What are the indications for Dextrose?
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Hypoglycemia
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What are the contraindications of Dextrose.
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None in documented hypoglycemia
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Precautions and side effects
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Pain at the injection site
necrosis Hyperglycemia |
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Dosage in an adult
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25G D50 IV/ IO/ PO
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What drug class is atropine?
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Parasympathetic and anticholenergic
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What are the parasympathetic effects of atropine?
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Atropine reduces the effect of the vagus nerve on the heart.
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What is the primary function of the vagus nerve?
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To slow the rate at which your heart contracts.
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What are the anticholinergic effects of atropine?
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Atropine competitively bond with acetocholimine which reduces airway secretions.
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What are the indications for the use of atropine?
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Ogranophosphate poisoning
Hemodynamically significant bradycardia |
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Contraindications for Atropine
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None in the emergency settings
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What are some precautions and side effects of Atropine
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Hypertension/hypotension
weakness ALOC Dizziness headaches |
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What is the dosage of atropine given for a patient who has Bradycardia
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0.5mg IVP/IO (May repeat as needed every 3-5 minute to a max of 3.0 MG)
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What is the dosage of atropine given for a patient who has Organophosphate poisoning
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2-5 MG IV/IO/IM repeat every 10-15 minutes)
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