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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillin antibiotic used to treat gram negative, gram positive and anaerobic infections
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Ampicillin
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1st generation cephalosporin commonly used to treat skin and urinary tract infections
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Cephalexin
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2nd generation cephalosporin used to treat lower respiratory tract, intra-abdominal, skin, and bone infections caused by gram negative, gram positive, and anaerobic bacteria.
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Loracarbef
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Antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and acne
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Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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Flouroquinolone used to treat upper and lower respiratory tract and GU infections whose bioavailability is dramatically decreased with antacids.
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Ofloxacin
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Class of antibiotic used to treat a variety of gram negative and gram positive infections (primarily lower respiratory tract and UTI) which is associated with arthropathy, myalgia and leg cramps in children under 18.
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Fluoroquinolones (eg Lomafloxacin)
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Well tolerated macrolide antibiotic. Main side effects are nausea and abdominal pain.
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Azithromycin.
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Antiprotozoal and antibacterial associated with convulsive seizures and peripheral neuropathy. Also produces a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol.
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Metronidazole.
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Antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and Neisseria Meningitidis (carrier state). Associated with hepatotoxicity, hyperbilirubinemia, porphyria.
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Rifampin.
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Antibiotic known to cause phototoxicity, pseudotumor cerebri, and maculopapular rashes.
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Tetracycline.
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Diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule.
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Acetazolamide.
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Diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of NaCl in the early distal tubule.
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Hydrochorothiazide.
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Loop diuretic that inhibits the Na+/2Cl-/K+ transporter in the thick ALH.
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Furosemide.
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Osmotic diuretic. Contraindicated in anuria.
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Mannitol.
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Potassium-sparing diuretic. Contraindicated in renal failure.
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Spironolactone.
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Long acting insulin analogs.
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Glargine, Detemir.
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Rapid acting insulins used prior to meal.
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Lispro, Aspart.
Action by increasing glucose uptake into cells, glycogen and FA synthesis. Onset within 15 minutes, duration 3-4 hours. |
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Intermediate acting insulin.
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NPH. Onset: 2-4 hours, duration: 10-16 hours.
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Insulin that begins to act within 2-4 hours and lasts 18-24 hours, with no peak.
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Glargine.
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Insulin that starts acting within 15 minutes and lasts 3-4 hours.
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Lispro, Aspart.
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Diabetes medication that sensitizes tissues to insulin (esp. liver)
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Metformin.
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Diabetes medications that stimulate insulin secretion.
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Sulfonuylureas and Meglitinides: Tolbutamide, Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride, Repaglinide, Nateglinide.
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Deiabetes medications that block carbohydrate absorption.
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Acarbose, Miglitol. (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors)
SFx: gas, abdominal discomfort. Contraindicated with IBD or cirrhosis. |
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Diabetes medications that sensitize muscle and adipose to insulin.
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Thiazoladindiones (Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone) and Biguanides.
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Action and side-effects of Sulfonylureas.
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Increase insulin secretion by inhibiting K+ channels in beta cells - prolonged depolarization and increased Ca2+ influx. (can decrease fasting glc by 60-70 mg/dL; A1C by 1-2%) SFx: hypoglycemia, weight gain. Least expensive.
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Action and side effects of Biguanides.
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Increase hepatic glucose production and increase insulin-mediated peripheral glucose uptake. Reduce A1C by 1-2%. SFx: diarrhea, lactic acidosis, small decrease in LDL and TG, no weight gain, Contraindicated in impaired renal fx. Example: Metformin
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Action and side effects of Thiazolidinediones.
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Decrease insulin resistance. (involves PPAR - mechanism unclear). Reduce A1C 0.5 - 1%. SFx: weight gain, edema, hypoglycemia. Contraindicated with abn liver fx, CHF. Improves HDL and TG.
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Medication that slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion, lowers post-prandial blood sugars.
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Amylin analogues (Pramlintide, Symlin)
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Medication that enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion in response to food.
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Incretin mimetics (exenatide, Byetta) Exenatide has 50% overlap with human GLP-1.
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