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389 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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occurs when one antiinfetive agents effect is diminished by the addition of another chemical (opposite of synergism)
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antagonism
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substances that supress or destry infective organisms
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antiinfectives
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substances that supress or destroy bacteria
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antibacterials
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substances produced by MICROORGANIMS that supress, destroy or alter the action of organisms
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antibiotics
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substances that supress or destroy microorganims
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antimicrobials
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substances that supress or destroy fungal organims
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antifungals
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subtances that supress or destroy viruses
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antivirals
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substances that actually destroy bacteria (irrevesible)
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bacteriacidals
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substances that only retard bacterial growth
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bacteriostatics
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antibiotics are antiinfectives, T or F?
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True, but not all antiinfectives are antibiotics
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direct or indirect invasion by microbes; doesn't always mean disease present
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infection
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natural or acquired ability of an organism to withstand an antiifective agent
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resistance
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narrow or acquired ability of an antiinfective against groups of microorganisms
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spectrum
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the growth of a group of microorganims different from the original infective agents
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superinfetion
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the ability of 2 or more antiinfectives to increase efficacy of either or both (opposite of antagnism)
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synergism
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the best way to treat an ifection is to ?
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establish drainage
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what are the 3 reasons antiinfectives would be used in dentistry?
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1. prophylactic premedication
2. localized dental infection or cellulitis (infection has spread from original area) 3. periodontal disease |
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If I'm choosing an antiinfective to use, what 6 criteria would my decision be based on?
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1. organism type causing infection
2. how senstive the organism is to the antiinfective 3. status of the hosts imune system 4. will patient develop hypersensitiity to infective agent 5. will patient take the medicine 6. drug interactions |
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the best way to treat an ifection is to ?
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establish drainage
|
|
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what are the 3 reasons antiinfectives would be used in dentistry?
|
1. prophylactic premedication
2. localized dental infection or cellulitis (infection has spread from original area) 3. periodontal disease |
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the most popular class of antiinfectives
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penicillins
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If I'm choosing an antiinfective to use, what 6 criteria would my decision be based on?
|
1. organism type causing infection
2. how senstive the organism is to the antiinfective 3. status of the hosts imune system 4. will patient develop hypersensitiity to infective agent 5. will patient take the medicine 6. drug interactions |
|
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narrow spectrum antiinfective that kills some gram +/- cocci, some spirochetes (syphillis) an anaerobes (deep pockets no O2)
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Penicillin
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the most popular class of antiinfectives
|
penicillins
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- common dental antiinfective
- bacteriacidal that disrupts the production of bacteria cell walls - usually administered orally but also IM or IV |
penicillin
|
|
|
the best way to treat an ifection is to ?
|
establish drainage
|
|
|
narrow spectrum antiinfective that kills some gram +/- cocci, some spirochetes (syphillis) an anaerobes (deep pockets no O2)
|
Penicillin
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- bacterial resistance with increased frequency of use
- distributed to most body tissues like saliva, breast milk and transplacental - DOES NOT distribute into CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) or Bone |
Penicillin
|
|
|
what are the 3 reasons antiinfectives would be used in dentistry?
|
1. prophylactic premedication
2. localized dental infection or cellulitis (infection has spread from original area) 3. periodontal disease |
|
|
- common dental antiinfective
- bacteriacidal that disrupts the production of bacteria cell walls - usually administered orally but also IM or IV |
penicillin
|
|
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If I'm choosing an antiinfective to use, what 6 criteria would my decision be based on?
|
1. organism type causing infection
2. how senstive the organism is to the antiinfective 3. status of the hosts imune system 4. will patient develop hypersensitiity to infective agent 5. will patient take the medicine 6. drug interactions |
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an enzye that destroys penicillin
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penicillinase
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the most popular class of antiinfectives
|
penicillins
|
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- bacterial resistance with increased frequency of use
- distributed to most body tissues like saliva, breast milk and transplacental - DOES NOT distribute into CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) or Bone |
Penicillin
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Large doses of penicillin are not recommended becuse toxicity to penicillin is common, T or F?
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False
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an enzye that destroys penicillin
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penicillinase
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narrow spectrum antiinfective that kills some gram +/- cocci, some spirochetes (syphillis) an anaerobes (deep pockets no O2)
|
Penicillin
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What is the most common adverse reaction asscociated with penicillin?
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Hypersensitivity
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If you experienced a hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin what symptoms would you exhibit?
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rash, edema, stomatitis (canker sores), delayed hypersensitiity (up to 2 wks after) and anaphylaxis (severe infection)
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what antiinfective exhibits moniliasis/candiniasis (oral yeast) as a superinfection?
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penicillin
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Large doses of penicillin are not recommended becuse toxicity to penicillin is common, T or F?
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False
|
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- common dental antiinfective
- bacteriacidal that disrupts the production of bacteria cell walls - usually administered orally but also IM or IV |
penicillin
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The prototype of penicillin is?
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Penicillin G
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What is the most common adverse reaction asscociated with penicillin?
|
Hypersensitivity
|
|
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- bacterial resistance with increased frequency of use
- distributed to most body tissues like saliva, breast milk and transplacental - DOES NOT distribute into CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) or Bone |
Penicillin
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similar to pen G but produces higher blood levels
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Pen V
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an enzye that destroys penicillin
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penicillinase
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|
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If you experienced a hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin what symptoms would you exhibit?
|
rash, edema, stomatitis (canker sores), delayed hypersensitiity (up to 2 wks after) and anaphylaxis (severe infection)
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Principen is an Amoxicillin, T or F?
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False, its a Ampicillin
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Large doses of penicillin are not recommended becuse toxicity to penicillin is common, T or F?
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False
|
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what antiinfective exhibits moniliasis/candiniasis (oral yeast) as a superinfection?
|
penicillin
|
|
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What is the most common adverse reaction asscociated with penicillin?
|
Hypersensitivity
|
|
|
The prototype of penicillin is?
|
Penicillin G
|
|
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If you experienced a hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin what symptoms would you exhibit?
|
rash, edema, stomatitis (canker sores), delayed hypersensitiity (up to 2 wks after) and anaphylaxis (severe infection)
|
|
|
what antiinfective exhibits moniliasis/candiniasis (oral yeast) as a superinfection?
|
penicillin
|
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The prototype of penicillin is?
|
Penicillin G
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similar to pen G but produces higher blood levels
|
Pen V
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Principen is an Amoxicillin, T or F?
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False, its a Ampicillin
|
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similar to pen G but produces higher blood levels
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Pen V
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Principen is an Amoxicillin, T or F?
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False, its a Ampicillin
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Principen and Amoxicilin brands Trimox ad Augmentin are all what form of Penicillins?
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Ampicillins
|
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Ampicilins have a wider range of action, produce higher blood levels and require less frequent dosing than regular Penicillin, T or F?
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True
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Where is penicillin metabolized? Where is it excreted?
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Metabolized: liver
Excreted: kidneys |
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How long is the half life (time it takes for half of the drug to leave the bloodstream) of penicillin?
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30 minutes
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group of broad spectrum antibiotic antiinfectives
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macrolides
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Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and Azithromycin (z pac) are generic names for this group of antiinfectives
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Macrolides
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these antiinfectives have a spectrum similar to penicillins EXCEPT they are ineffective against dental ANAEROBES
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Macrolides
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these antibiotics are used in patients with penicillin hyoersensitivity
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macrolides
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macrolides are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal
they work by interference with protein synthesis |
macrolides
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the half life of macrolides is?
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2 hours
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why are macrolides enteric-coated?
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degraded by gastric acids
also administered IM and IV |
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where are macrolides metabolized? where are they excreted?
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metabolized: liver
excreted: urine and feces |
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what might be the reason a patient is nonompliant when precribed Arythocin?
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This name brand produces lots of gastointestinal side effects
Macrolides cause the most gastroitestinal upset |
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these 2 newer bacteriostatic macrolides have some efficacy against some anaerobes and have fewer gastrointestinal effects
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Azithromycin and Clarithromycin
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Diogoxin, Cyclosporin, Theeophylline and Warfarin serum levels may increase if you take these antiinfectives
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Macrolides
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the 2 main prescribed macrolides
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biaxin and azithromycin (z pac)
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broad spectrum bacteriostatic antiinfectives that interfere with bacteria protein synthesis are called?
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tetracylines
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cause intrinsic staining of teeth and bones
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tetracyclines
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when administered orally, what happens when tetracyclines are chleated by calcium-containing products in the body?
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it binds with the calcium and just goes out of the body; no drug effect
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|
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What is the drug of choice for premedicating patients with a heart murmur, prothesis or RHD?
What dose is given? |
penicillin (Amoxicillin: Trimox)
2grams (2,000mg) 1 hour before appt. (1,000 mg for kids) 250/500 mg tablets 4 tablets |
|
|
what drug is given to premedicatted patients?
what dose is given? |
Clindamycin
600 mg 1 hour before appt 150 mg x 4 |
|
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what is the half life of tetracyclines?
|
2 hours
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|
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what is the tissue distrubution of tetracyclines? where is it especially concentrated?
|
saliva, breast milk, transplacental, and crevicular fluid
found especially in creviculr fluid |
|
|
anorexia is an adverse reaction of tetracycline, T or F?
|
True
|
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tetracylines are concentrated in the __ then excreted into the intestines via __ leading to ___ circulation which prolongs activity
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liver
bile enterohepatic |
|
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Tetracyclines effect fully gron teeth, not developing ones, T or F?
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False, effects dev. teeth only
|
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Tetracycline forms Doxycycline and Minocycline are excreted in ___.
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urine
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life threatening condition that causes the intstinal lining to slough off, leaving dead epithelial tissue unable to absorb water or food
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psuedomembranous collitis
|
|
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taking tetracycline is contraindicated (not adviseable) in second half of pregnancy thru age 8, T or F?
|
True
|
|
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hypersensitivity to tetracyclines is common, T or F
|
False
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
tetracycline is antagonistic or synergic to other bactericidal antiinfectives?
|
antagonistic
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
what 3 tetracyclines are used in the clinic for periodontal disease?
|
1. Periochip - not derived from tetracycline
2. Arestin - minocycline 3. Atridox - Doxycycline |
|
|
what is the result of using outdated tetracylines?
what is the result of IV use with tetracyclines? |
kidney damage
liver damage other effects include anemia, photosensitivity and vertigo |
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
antiinfective not indicated (recommended) for prophylactic (preventive) use against BE (bacterial endocarditis) unless the infective agent (what's in the pocket) is Aa (actinomytosis)
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
used if ALLERGIC to penicillin
used if patient HYPERSENSITIVE to penicillin |
Clindamycin
Macrolides |
|
|
bacteriostatic antibiotic agent against gram + some - and anaerobic bacetroides
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
good antiinfective; interferes with protein synthesis
|
clydamycin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
brand name of clydamycin
|
Cleosin
|
|
|
what is the half-life of clyndamycin
|
2.5 hours
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
where is clydamycin metabolized? where is it excreted?
|
liver
excreted in urine and feces |
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
___ is antagonistic to erythromycin by competing for the same binding sites
|
clyndamycin
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
Adverse reactions include GI (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and psuedomembranous collitis) superinfecion ny monilia, allergy, low blood counts and some liver and kidney dysfunction
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
used frequently in perio disease, premed drug when pen allergy, should not be prescribed with macrolides
|
clindaycin
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
SYNTHETIC antiinfective active against Trichomonas, amebicidal ad bacteriacidal against some obligate anaerobes
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
brand name of metrondinazole
|
Flagyl
|
|
|
this antiinfective works by destroying the ring structure of DNA
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
this antiinfective also has an anti-inflamatory effect
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
what is the half life of metronidazole?
|
8 hours
|
|
|
antiinfective concentrated in crevicular fluid, less in CSF, saliva and breast milk
|
metronidazole/flagyl
|
|
|
antiinfective with adverse reactions to the GI, xerostomia, metallic taste, CNS and renal toxicity
|
metronidazole/flagyl
|
|
|
drinking alcohol within 48 hrs makes you extremely sick if combined with this antiinfective
|
metronidazole/flagyl
|
|
|
this antiinfective is good for perio because its concentrated in crevicular fluid and treats perio anaerobes except Aa
|
metroidazole/flagyl
|
|
|
anesthetics affect (larger or smaller)NONmyelinated nerves first then affect (larger or smaller) myelinated nerves last
|
smaller
larger |
|
|
anesthetics affect nerves at the opening between myelinated sheaths called
|
Nodes of Ranvier
|
|
|
Which one of these properties of a local anesthetic is NOT ideal?
1. potency 2. reversible 3. not toxic, no local reaction or systemic adverse effects 4. rapid onset 5. adequate duration 6. long shelf life 7. low cost 8. toxic metabolites 9. ease of excretion |
8: non-toxic metabolites
|
|
|
toxicity of anesthetics affects what 2 systems?
|
CNS and cardiovascular
|
|
|
brand names of cephlosporins
|
Keflex and Ceclor
|
|
|
wide spectrum antibiotic with actions similar to penicillin; works on many organisms involved in oral infections especially anaerobes
|
cephlosporins
|
|
|
half life varies from 1 to 6 hours
|
ceplosporins
|
|
|
where are cephlosporins metabolized? where are they excreted?
|
liver
urine |
|
|
useful for infections by microbes resistant to penicillin
|
cephlosporins
|
|
|
these 2 medications are the 2 most frequently used antituberculosis agents
|
isoniazid and rifamin
|
|
|
why so you need to take TB drugs for long periods of time?
|
they are capable of producing spores which makes them very resistant
|
|
|
which 2 antituberculosis agents are bacteriostatic?
which 2 are bacteriocidal? |
rifampin and ethambutol
isonizid and pyrazinamide |
|
|
which antiuberculosis agent is effective on slow growing infections and also if no other agents can be used
|
ethambutol
|
|
|
antituberculosis agent taken only for 2 months or until a negative sputnum samples
|
pyrazinamide
|
|
|
antituberculosis agent used alone as a prophylactic agent to those recently exposed to Tb or serconverts
|
Isoniazid
|
|
|
Antituberculosis agent that inhibits DNA and RNA enzymes
|
rifampin
|
|
|
Lamisil and Nizoral are 2 brand names for this group of Antifugal agent
used for vaginal suppository and oral rinse/candida |
Nystatin
|
|
|
this group of antifungal agenst are poorly absorbed thru the skin, mucosa or Gi
they are genrally used as a topical treatment for 10 to 14 days and have few adverse effects |
Nystatins
|
|
|
This group of antifungals are SYNTHETIC available in creams, ointments and lozenges
they alter cell wall permeability; adverse GI reactions |
Imidazoles
|
|
|
this drug given as a lozenge for stubborn candida; its very toxic to the liver and shouldn't be taken for more than 2 weeks at a time
|
ketoconazole
|
|
|
this antifungal drug can cause multiple digits (oligodactyly), webbed fingers and toes (syndactyly) and embryotoxicity if given during pregnancy
|
kertoconazole
|
|
|
these 2 antifungals have little dental use and are used for serious systemic fungal disease (athletes foot)
|
griseofulvin and amphotericin
|
|
|
Zovirax is a brand name
anti___ used topically to treat fever blisters (herpes simplex I or II) the generic name is___ |
antiviral
acyclovir |
|
|
this systemic antiviral is taken orally for herpes
|
Valtrex
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of inhibitors found in HIV agents
|
1. nucleoside
2. non nucleoside 3. protease |
|
|
what ate the adverse effects of HIV agents?
|
GI, CNS and bone marrow supression
|
|
|
how do antivirals work?
|
they inhibit the DNA/RNA synthesis
|
|
|
What are the adverse effects of local anesthetics?
|
1. Toxicity of 2 systems
CNS: initial-restlesness, tremors convulsions CNS: depression, coma, death C-V: myocardial depression, fatal arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) 2. Malignant hyperthermia (local) GENETIC reaction, Ca goes up, rigid muscles, acidosis and elevated body temp 3. Allergic reaction RARE to amides, more common with esters ranges from rash to anaphylactic shock |
|
|
common vasoconstrictor found in anesthetic carpule
|
epinephrine; keeps anesthetic in local area for a long time
|
|
|
common concentration found in carpule
|
2-3% with or without vasoconstrictor
|
|
|
Antituberculosis agent that inhibits DNA and RNA enzymes
|
rifampin
|
|
|
Lamisil and Nizoral are 2 brand names for this group of Antifugal agent
used for vaginal suppository and oral rinse/candida |
Nystatin
|
|
|
this group of antifungal agenst are poorly absorbed thru the skin, mucosa or Gi
they are genrally used as a topical treatment for 10 to 14 days and have few adverse effects |
Nystatins
|
|
|
This group of antifungals are SYNTHETIC available in creams, ointments and lozenges
they alter cell wall permeability; adverse GI reactions |
Imidazoles
|
|
|
this drug given as a lozenge for stubborn candida; its very toxic to the liver and shouldn't be taken for more than 2 weeks at a time
|
ketoconazole
|
|
|
this antifungal drug can cause multiple digits (oligodactyly), webbed fingers and toes (syndactyly) and embryotoxicity if given during pregnancy
|
kertoconazole
|
|
|
these 2 antifungals have little dental use and are used for serious systemic fungal disease (athletes foot)
|
griseofulvin and amphotericin
|
|
|
Zovirax is a brand name
anti___ used topically to treat fever blisters (herpes simplex I or II) the generic name is___ |
antiviral
acyclovir |
|
|
this systemic antiviral is taken orally for herpes
|
Valtrex
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of inhibitors found in HIV agents
|
1. nucleoside
2. non nucleoside 3. protease |
|
|
what ate the adverse effects of HIV agents?
|
GI, CNS and bone marrow supression
|
|
|
how do antivirals work?
|
they inhibit the DNA/RNA synthesis
|
|
|
What are the adverse effects of local anesthetics?
|
1. Toxicity of 2 systems
CNS: initial-restlesness, tremors convulsions CNS: depression, coma, death C-V: myocardial depression, fatal arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) 2. Malignant hyperthermia (local) GENETIC reaction, Ca goes up, rigid muscles, acidosis and elevated body temp 3. Allergic reaction RARE to amides, more common with esters ranges from rash to anaphylactic shock |
|
|
common vasoconstrictor found in anesthetic carpule
|
epinephrine; keeps anesthetic in local area for a long time
|
|
|
common concentration found in carpule
|
2-3% with or without vasoconstrictor
|
|
|
why are antioxidant present in anesthetic carpules?
|
keeps the epinephrine from breaking down
|
|
|
found in carpules to keep the pH level correct
|
sodium hydroxide
|
|
|
makes the anesthetic carpule solution isotonic
|
sodium chloride
|
|
|
preservative found in multi-dose bottles of anesthetic carpules
|
propylparaben
|
|
|
why are esters no longer available as single dose dental carpules?
|
they have the propensity to cause local allergic reactions
|
|
|
esters are usually used as topicals, T or F?
|
True
reapeated use can cause an allergic reaction |
|
|
safest ester, frequently used to regulate heartbeat
|
novacaine
|
