Pharmacology Test Blue Print 1

Front 1

Outcome Criteria

Back 1

concrete descriptions of patient goals and should be patient focused, succinct, and well thought out, should include expectations for behavior indicating something that can be changed and a specific time frame. These provide a standard for measuring movement toward goals.

Front 2

Proper formatting of nursing diagnosis

Back 2

First state the human response of the patient to illness, injury, or significant change (can be actual or risk), 2nd- identify the factors related to the response, and 3rd- list any clues, cues, evidence, or other data that support the nurses claim of diagnosis

Front 3

Rights of Medication Administration

Back 3

Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time, Right Route, Right Patient, Right Documentation, Right to Refuse, and Right Reason

Front 4

Right Drug

Back 4

to ensure correct drug is given it must be checked 3 times before it is given. Check medication labels against transcribed medication order, check drug against the medication administration record after taking out of drawer, check before opening drug and again after opening but before giving it to the patient.

Front 5

Right Dose

Back 5

check the dose and confirm that it is appropriate for the patients age and size, and check the prescribed dose against the available drug stocks, and against normal dosage range. Do not use trailing zeros, but use leading zeros. Extra caution should be used when preparing dose for infants/children and the elderly.

Front 6

Right Time

Back 6

medications must be given no more than 1/2 hour before or after the actual time specified in the prescribers order, but medications designed to be given stat must be administered within 1/2 hour of the order, document any change and rationale for change in medication time

Front 7

Right Route

Back 7

The route must never be assumed, it should be included in the medication order. If the route is missing must confirm with prescriber.

Front 8

Right Patient

Back 8

the patient identity must be verified before administering medication. TJC requires that 2 identifiers must be verified, ask pt to state name, and check wrist band to confirm name, dob, id#, age, and allergies

Front 9

Right Documentation

Back 9

Patient chart should always include date and time of medication administration, name of medication, dose, route, and site of administration, include any reactions to drug including toxicity, adverse reactions, any change in condition or lack of change, any teaching regarding medications

Front 10

Pharmaceutics(definition)

Back 10

the study of how various dosage forms influence the way in which the body metabolizes a drug and the way in which the drugs affect the body.

Front 11

Pharmaceutics (the importance)

Back 11

Has to do with the various forms in which a drug may be available from an oral suspensions to enteric coated tablets. The form in which a drug is given will impact the rate in which the drug is absorbed by the body for action. Liquids are absorbed quickly while coated tablets are absorbed much more slowly. Drugs are available in different forms so that the therapeutic responses can be controlled and dosing frequency can be altered for better medication regimen compliance.

Front 12

Categories of the Routes of Administration

Back 12

Categories include enteral (GI tract), parenteral, and topical

Front 13

Enteral Route

Back 13

route in which the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the mucosa of the stomach and or the small/large intestines. Includes the gastric, buccal, sub-lingual, trans-lingual routes. Absorption may be impacted by +

Front 14

Gastric route

Back 14

allows direct instillation of medication into the GI system of patients who can't ingest the drug orally (requires the use of a tube to give it directly)

Front 15

Buccal, sublingual, translingual routes

Back 15

drugs are absorbed into the highly vascularized tissues under the tongue, on the tongue, or between the gums and the cheek, they are absorbed rapidly and bypass the liver , and prevent their destruction or transformation in the stomach or small intestine. Nitroglycerin is an example of a drug administered by this route

Front 16

Parenteral Route

Back 16

Commonly referred to as injectable, includes injections intradermally, subcuaneously, intraaterially, inramuscularly, intrathecally, intraarticularyly, or intravenously. Drugs given this way bypass the first-pass effect of the liver and provide an alternative route for medications which cannot be given orally.

Front 17

Intradermal injections

Back 17

substances are injected into the skin (dermis) route used mainly for dx purposes when testing for allergies or tuberculosis

Front 18

Intramuscular injections

Back 18

drugs are injected directly into various muscle groups at varying tissue depths, it is used to give aqueous suspensions and solutions in oil, and to give medications that are on available in oral form (often used for depot-drugs which are designed for slow absorption)

Front 19

Intravenous

Back 19

allows injection of substances (drugs, fluids, blood or blood products and dx contrast) directly into the blood stream though the vein; can range from a single does to an ongoing infusion delivered by a pump with precision. Have the fastest rate of administration

Front 20

Subcutaneous

Back 20

small amounts of a drug are injected beneath the dermis and into the subcutaneous tissue, usually in the upper arm, thigh or dermis (given at a 90 degree angle or 45 degrees in a thin patient)

Front 21

Oral (enteral route)

Back 21

usually the safest, most convenient and lest expensive route, drugs are administered to patients who are conscious and can swallow

Front 22

Rectal and Vaginal

Back 22

suppositories, ointments, creams and gels may be instilled in the rectum or vagina to treat local irritation or infections; some drugs applied to the mucosa of the rectum or vagina can be absorbed systemically.

Front 23

Respiratory route

Back 23

drugs available as gases can be administered by this route; this route has the fastest rate of absorption and medications given by devices like a metered-dose inhaler can be self-administered or drugs can be injected directly into the lungs through an endotracheal tube.

Front 24

topical route

Back 24

used to deliver a drug through the skin or a mucous membrane; its used for most dermatologic, opthalmic, otic, and nasal preparations. Includes the trans-dermal route which is usually a patch that provides a pretty constant rate of drug absorption

Front 25

first pass effect

Back 25

when a large proportion of a drug is chemically processed into inactive metabolites int eh liver which leaves a much smaller amount of drug that will pass into circulation for use by the body.

Front 26

Pregnancy Safety Categories

Back 26

A- no indication or risk to human fetus
B- no indication of risk to animal fetus, info on human fetus unavailable
C- adverse effects in animal fetus; info on humans unavailable
D- possible fetal risk in humans, considered on a benefit vs. risk potential for select cases
X- fetal abnormalities reported and evidence of fetal risk, should not be used in pregnant women