Pharmacology Test 5

Front 1

sympathetic nervous system

Back 1

fight-or-flight

Front 2

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 2

rest-and-digest

Front 3

Fight or flight response

Back 3

dilated pupils, inhibits salvation, accelerates heart, facilitates breathing, inhibits digestion, stimulates release of glucose, secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, relaxes bladder, inhibits sex organs

Front 4

Rest and digest response

Back 4

constricts pupil, stimulates salivation, slows heart, constricts breathing, stimulates digestion, stimulates gallbladder, contracts bladder, stimulates sex organs

Front 5

Sympathomimetics (adrenergic)

Back 5

Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system

Front 6

Parasympathomimetics (cholinergic)

Back 6

stimulate parasympathetic nervous system

Front 7

Adrenergic blockers

Back 7

Inhibit sympathetic nervous system

Front 8

Anticholinergics (cholinergic blockers)

Back 8

inhibit parasympathetic nervous system; mimic fight-or-flight response

Front 9

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Back 9

Parasympathomimetic; contract bladder muscles (for treating urinary retention); SE are increased salivation, sweating, abdominal cramping, hypotension; do not give w/ quinidine, atropine, epinephrine b/c reduce effects

Front 10

Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)

Back 10

Parasympathomimetic; decreases intraocular pressure (for treating glaucoma)

Front 11

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

Back 11

Parasympathomimetic; treatment of myasthenia gravis (autoimmune disorder characterized by destruction of cholinergic receptors found in skeletal muscles)

Front 12

Atropine

Back 12

Anticholinergic; dry secretions prior to anesthesia, increase heart rate, dilate pupil, IBS, bradycardia, bronchodilation w/ asthma; antidote for nerve gas and organophosphate insecticide poisoning; SE: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, increased heart rate; contraindicated for glaucoma pts; do not give w/ amantadine, antihistamines, tricyclics, quinidine b/c can increase effects; use w/ levodopa decreases levodopa effects; phenothiazines effects are decreased

Front 13

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

Back 13

anticholinergic; treat asthma

Front 14

Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

Back 14

anticholenergic; treat urinary bladder urgency and incontinence

Front 15

Propantheline (Pro-banthine)

Back 15

anticholinergic; treat IBS & peptic ulcer

Front 16

Prazosin (Minipress)

Back 16

Alpha1 adrenergic blocker; hypertension; little effect of cardiac output or HR; SE: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion, inhibition of ejaculation

Front 17

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Back 17

Alpha1, Beta1, Beta2 blocker adrenergic blocker; hypertension

Front 18

Generalized anxiety disorder

Back 18

Difficult-to-control, excessive anxiety that lasts 6 month or more

Front 19

Panic disorder

Back 19

Intense feelings of immediate apprehension, fearfulness, terror, or impending doom, accompanied by increased sympathetic nervous system response

Front 20

Phobia

Back 20

Fearful feelings attached to specific situations or objects; common include snakes, spiders, heights, or crowds

Front 21

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Back 21

Recurrent, disturbing thought or repetitive behaviors that interfere with a person's normal activities or relationships

Front 22

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 22

develops in response to reexperiencing a previous traumatic life event such as combat experience, physical or sexual abuse, a natural disaster, or murder

Front 23

Anxiolytics

Back 23

Drugs having the ability to relieve anxiety

Front 24

Insomnia

Back 24

inability to fall asleep or remain asleep

Front 25

Antidepressants

Back 25

drug w/ ability to enhance mood by altering levels of norepinephrine and serotonin; by restoring the balance of these neurotransmitters can reduce symptoms associated w/ depression, panic, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and phobia

Front 26

CNS depressants (sedatives)

Back 26

slow neuronal activity in the brain

Front 27

Tricyclics (TCAs)

Back 27

not recommended for pts w/ hx of MI, heart block, or abnormal heart rhythm; often have anticholinergic effects; should no be used w/ alcohol or other CNS depressants

Front 28

MAOIs

Back 28

strictly avoid foods containing tyramine & caffeine; intensify effects of insulin & other diabetic meds; SE include orthostatic hypotension, HA, and diarrhea

Front 29

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Back 29

safer than other antidepressants & less commonly cause sympathomimetic effects and anticholinergic effects; SE include weight gain, sexual dysfunction, confusion, anxiety, restlessness, HTN, tremors, sweating, fever, muscle inccordination

Front 30

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Back 30

Tricyclic; treat depression

Front 31

Imipramine (Tofranil)

Back 31

Tricyclic; treat depression, generalized anxiety

Front 32

Phenelzine (Nardil)

Back 32

MAOI; treat social anxiety, depression

Front 33

Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

Back 33

MAOI; treat depression

Front 34

Citalopram (Celexa)

Back 34

SSRI; treat depression

Front 35

Escitalopram (Lexapro)

Back 35

SSRI; treat depression, generalized, anxiety, social anxiety

Front 36

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Back 36

SSRI; treat depression, social anxiety

Front 37

Paroxetine (Paxil)

Back 37

SSRI; treat depression, social anxiety

Front 38

Sertraline (Zoloft)

Back 38

SSRI; treat depression, social anxiety

Front 39

Trazodone (Desyrel)

Back 39

Atypical antidepressant; treat depression, generalized anxiety

Front 40

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

Back 40

Atypical antidepressant; treat depression, social anxiety, generalized anxiety

Front 41

Benzodiazepines

Back 41

used for panic disorder, generalized anxiety, phobias, and insomnia

Front 42

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Back 42

Benzodiazepine; treat generalized anxiety, phobias, social anxiety

Front 43

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

Back 43

Benzodiazepine; treat phobias, social anxiety