Pharmacology Test 4 - Antiseizure Drugs

Front 1

Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, Topiramate b

drugs used to treat?

Back 1

Partial Seizures

Front 2

Valproate, Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Topiramate, Lamotrigine

Drugs used to treat?

Back 2

generalized tonic clonic

Front 3

Ethosuximide, Lamotrigine, Valproate

drugs used to treat?

Back 3

absence seizures

Front 4

Valproate and Lamotrigine are drugs used to treat?

Back 4

Myotonic, atonic, atypical absence

Front 5

MOA:
Blocks high-frequency firing of neurons through action on voltage-gated (VG) Na+ channels
Presynaptic inhibition of transmission

Clinical Uses:
Partial, general tonic-clonic seizures
Trigeminal neuralgia (not old)
Bipolar disorders

Back 5

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Front 6

MOA:
Blocks high-frequency firing of neurons through action on voltage-gated (VG) Na+ channels decreases synaptic release of glutamate

Clinical Uses:
Partial, general tonic-clonic seizures
CANNOT be used in absence seizures

Interference with thyroid function tests

Back 6

Phenytoin (generic, Dilantin), fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)

Front 7

difficult to control cases of partial and generalized tonic clonic seizures calls for ?

Back 7

phenobarbital

Front 8

MOA: (like phenytoin)
Blocks high-frequency firing of neurons through action on voltage-gated (VG) Na+ channels decreases synaptic release of glutamate

Clinical Uses:
Partial, general tonic-clonic seizures
More effective than PB

metabolized to phenobarbital

Back 8

Primidone (generic, Mysoline)

Front 9

MOA: (like phenytoin)
Suppresses repeated firing by inactivation of Na+ channels
Inhibits voltage gated Ca2+ channels
Decreases synaptic glutamate release

Clinical Uses:
Monotherapy for partial seizures
Effective in case of absence and myoclonic seizures in children
Used for bipolar disorders

valproate doubles this drugs half life

Back 9

Lamotrigine (generic, Lamictal)

Front 10

MOA:
GABA uptake inhibitor
Prolongs GABA action

adjunctive treatment of partial seizures

Back 10

Tiagabine (Gabitril)

Front 11

MOA:
Blocks repetitive firing
Potentiates inhibitory GABA action
Depresses excitatory action of kainate

Clinical uses:
Monotherapy for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Back 11

topiramate (topamax)

Front 12

MOA:
Reducing Ca2+ current

Clinical uses:
Particularly effective in absence seizures

Adverse effects: 
Gastric stress (pain, N, V)
Transient fatigue

Drug interactions:
Valproic acid decreased ethosuximide clearance

Back 12

Ethosuximide (generic, Zarontin)

Front 13

MOA:
Blocks sustained Na+ current
Blocks NMDA-receptor mediated excitation
Potentiation of GABA

Clinical uses:
Primary drug of choice for treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Absence seizures
Bipolar disorders and migraine prophylaxis

Adverse effects: 
Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity (highest risk < 2yrs old)
thrombocytopenia

Drug interactions:
Valproic acid displaces phenytoin from pp
Inhibits metabolism of PB, phenytoin, carbamazepine
Decreases clearance of lamotrigine

Back 13

Valproate (generic, Depakene)

Front 14

valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate

these drugs are used to treat ?

Back 14

juvenile myoclonic syndrome

Front 15

Clonazepam is effective against which type of seizure?

Back 15

absence

Front 16

corticotropin
If seizures recur ---------- repeat corticotropin
Use benzodiazepine (clonazepam or nitrazepam)
Vigabtarin is effective, drug of choice for pediatrics

Back 16

drugs used in infantile spasm

Front 17

emergency drug used in epilepsy is ?

therapy should be continued with ?

If none of that works, pull out the big gun which is ?

Back 17

diazepam

IV phenytoin (replace with fosphenytoin)

phenobarbital