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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are cholinergic agonists called?
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parasympathomimetics
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What is the neurotransmitter is responsible for transmission of impulses in the PSNS?
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acetylcholine
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What are the two different types of cholinergic receptors?
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nicotinic and muscarinic
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What is a nicotinic receptor?
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stimulated by alkaloid nicotine, stimulation of these receptors produces the undesired or adverse S&S
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What is a muscarinic receptor?
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located in smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, stimulated by alkaloid muscarine, stimulation of these receptors produces the desired S&S
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What medicine is for decreasing IOP in glaucoma?
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Carbocol and Pilocarpine
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What medication is for the diagnose and treatment of myathenia gravis?
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Physostigmine
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What is the medication for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
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Donepezil
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What is the medication that treats dry mouth associated with Sjogrens syndrome?
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Exovac
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What is the medication that treats Atony of bladder/GI tract following surgical procedures?
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Bethanecol
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What is the medication is the antidote for anticholinergics poisoning, insecticides and organophosphates?
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Physostigmine
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What is the severe reaction of cholinergic poisoning called and what does it manifest as?
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cholinergic crisis
S: sludge L: Lacrimation U: urinary incontinence D: diarrhea G: GI cramps E: emesis |
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What do you do if a person is having a cholinergic crisis?
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supportive and symptomatic and the reversal agent is Atropine
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What is Atropine?
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anticholinergic that reverses a cholinergic crisis
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For what and when is physostigmine given?
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given for myasthenia gravis
given 30 min prior to meal |
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What medication is given for an anticholinergic poisoning?
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Physostigmine
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If a pt has an overdose of tryclic antidepressants, what cholinergic can act as a treatment?
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Physostigmine
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What is Aricept (Donepezil) used in the treatment of and how long does it take to show signs of working?
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mild to moderate dementia
6 weeks |
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What is the OTC herbal product that works to enhance cognition?
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Ginkgo biloba
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What does the stimulation of muscarinic receptors cause in the body?
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increased bronchial secretions, blood vessel dilation, decreased HR, decreased BP
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When nicotinic receptors are stimulated what effect does it have on the body?
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blood vessel constriciton, increase HR
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What is miosis?
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pupil constriction
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What is the main neurotransmitter in the PSNS?
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Ach
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What are cholinergic blocking drugs called?
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anticholinergics, parasympatholytics, antimuscarinic
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What is mydriasis?
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pupils dilate
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What does the body do when on anticholinergics?
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GI motility slows, increased HR, urinary retention, decreased sweating, mydriasis
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What medication and class is used for reflex incontience?
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Ditropan
Class: Anticholinergic |
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What do small doses of Atropine do?
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Decrease HR
(Anticholinergic) |
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What do large doses of Atropine do?
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Increase HR
(Anticholinergic) |
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What anticholinergics are used in Parkinson's disease?
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Robinul and Bentyl
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What disease does Robinul and Bentyl treat?
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Parkinson's
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What anticholinergics are used for bladder incontinence?
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Detrol, Ditropan, Vesicare
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What are Detrol, Ditropan, and Vesicare used for?
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bladder incontinence
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What is cyloplegia?
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parlization of ciliary muscles
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What medication is used to dry up secreations?
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Scopolamine
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What is scopolamine used for?
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dry up secretions
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What are small doses of cogentin used for?
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decreasing muscle rigidity in Parkinson's and EPS
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What anticholinergic is used to treat EPS?
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small doses of Cogentin
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What is the antidote for anticholinergic toxicity?
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Physostigmine
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What is atropine used for?
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control pre-op secretions, and bradycardia
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What is Bentyl used for?
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IBS
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What is scopolamine used for?
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prevention of motion sickness
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For a patient that works outside, who is taking anticholinergics, what is the nursing care?
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pay close attention to heat stroke symptoms
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Which has less side effects, naturally occurring or synthetically derived anticholinergics?
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synthetically
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What class of medication is used for anxiety?
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Benzodiazepines
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What benzo is typically given for anxiety?
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Xanax
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What benzo is typically given for alcohol withdraw?
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Librium
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What benzo is typically given for status epilepticus, anxiety, alcohol?
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Valium and Ativan
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What is the half life of Valium?
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20-80 hours
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What is the half life of Ativan?
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12-18 hours
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How long does it take for anxious patients to respond to therapy?
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within 1 week
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What is the care of a benzo overdose?
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typically supportive but if it is severe Romazicon (Flumazenil) is given IV
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What does smoking do when taking benzo?
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increases the secretion of benzos making smaller doses less effective
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What class is Buspar (Buspirone)?
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Azaspirone used as an anxiolytic
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What is Luvox used for, and what class is it?
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OCD (SSRI)
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How should Vistaril (Hyroxyzine) be given and why?
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Z-track because may cause tissue injury
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What are the most common MAOIs used today?
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Nardil, Parnate, and Selegeline
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After stopping an MAOI, how long does the drug remain in the system?
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2 weeks
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What are the most common side effects of SSRIs?
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insomnia, weight gain, sexual dysfunction
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How long does it take to see a difference after starting SSRIs?
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4 weeks
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What are S&S of serotonin syndrome?
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muscle twitches, akathisia, tremors, seizure, and coma
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What is biogenic amine theory?
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depression is caused by deficiency of catecholamines
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What type of med-surg pt should not take a tricyclic antidepressants?
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cardiac patients
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What happens with an overdose of tricyclic antidepressants?
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cardiac arrest
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What are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?
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hypotension and anticholinergic side effects
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What meds are tricyclic antidepressants?
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Elavil (Amitriptyline)
Pamelor (Nortriptyline) Sinequan (Doxepin) Tofranil (Imipramine) |
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What is the only antidepressant medication also used for smoking cessation?
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Wellbutrin (bupropion)
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What is the maintenance level of Lithium?
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0.6-1.2
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If you decrease Na what is it's effect on Li?
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toxicity of LI
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If you increase Na what is it's effect on Li?
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decreased Li levels
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How is Na and Li related?
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inversely
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What is a different way of saying antipsychotics?
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Neuroleptic agents
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Which medication can cause agranulocytosis?
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Clozaril
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What lab do you need to watch with Clozaril?
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CBC for agranulocytosis
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Which medication has the highest rate of EPS?
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Haldol
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What are S&S of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
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high fever and unstable BP
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