Pharmacology Test # 3

Front 1

Topical Anaesthetics penetrate the oral mucosa. The rate of absortion depends on what?

Back 1

~dose, duration, vascularity, area, intactness, mucosa's permeability.

Front 2

What are topica anaesthetics used for?

Back 2

~Mucosal analgesia before local anaesthetic injection,
~probing, scaling, x-rays, impressions, rubber dam
~temporary relief of toothache, mucosal irritation, herpes labialis, apthous ulcers, teething pain,.
~pain from dentures or orthodontic appliances
~sunburn, teething, hemorrhoids, insect bites.

Front 3

What is the pharmacology for topical anaesthetics?

Back 3

~mechanism of action is similar to injectable local anaesthetics
~inhibits conduction of nerve impluses from the sensory nerves.
~Anesthetizes free nerve endings.

Front 4

What are the contradictions for topical anaesthetics?

Back 4

Allergies

Front 5

What are teh pre-cautions fro topical anaesthetics?

Back 5

FDA pregnancy risk C

Front 6

Pharmaocokinetics for topical anaesthetics?

Back 6

duration 1 hour
rate of onset: a few seconds to 5 min

Front 7

What are the adverse effects of topical anaesthetics
for oral, skin, EENT?

Back 7

oral: numbness and tingling
skin: rash or hives
EENT: (eyes, ears, nose, throat) itching, and irritation.

Front 8

What are the dental considerations for topical anaesthetics?

Back 8

~do not sue if allergic to esters
~use smallest effective amount
~avoid applying to large denuded areas of mucosa to prevetn excessive systemic absorption and potential toxicity
~limit the area of applicaiton

Front 9

Whats some info on Benzocaine (ester)?

Back 9

~most common topical anaesthetic
~poor solubility in water
~low in bloodstream

Front 10

What are the general physical properties of Nitrous Oxide?

Back 10

~non-irritating, sweet smelling, colourless, gas
~low solubility in blood (lease soluble of all inhalants)
~cylinder colour: Blue
~fail-safe: gas flow ceases if oxygen drops below 30%
~effects: anxiety, relief, analgesia, amnesia
~conscious sedation
~reflexes intact
~seems slow and sleepy but follows commands
~used first before gernal anaesthesia to decrease doses of other anaesthetics, therefore lower side effects
~patient must be supervised at all times
~proper use and care of equipment to minimize inhalation by staff.

Front 11

Pharmacology for nitrous oxide?

Back 11

~CNS sedation
~Periperal vasodilation (arms, legs tingle or heavy)
~Gi- vomiting and nausea

Front 12

Advantages of Nitrous oxide?

Back 12

~rapid onset
~rapid elimination and recovery
~easy to control
~intact reflexes
~low side effects
~low contradictions
~acceptable for children
~relaxed dental team
~oxygen there in case of emergency

Front 13

Disadvantages for dentist?

Back 13

~time
~cost
~space
~trainig
~difficult to work around

Front 14

Disadvantages for patient?

Back 14

~cost every 15 min
~must have nasal patency
~nausea and vomiting
~contradicted during 1st trimester of pregnancy

Front 15

Nitrous oxide is also known as?

Back 15

laughing gas