Pharmacology Test 2

Front 1

Alpha 1: Smooth Muscle

Back 1

Adrenergic: Vasoconstriction

Blocker: Vasodilator

Front 2

Beta 1: Heart

Back 2

Adrenergic: Increase HR and blood pressure

Blocker: Decrease HR and blood pressure

Front 3

Beta 2: Lungs

Back 3

Adrenergic: Bronchodilator

Blocker: Bronchoconstrictor

Front 4

The Effects on Alpha 1 Receptors by Adrenergic Drugs

Back 4

vasoconstriction occurs, relaxation ofGI smooth muscle, contraction of uterus and bladder, male ejaculation,contraction of pupillary muscles in the eye

Front 5

The Effects on Alpha 2 Receptors by Adrenergic Drugs

Back 5

Reverse sympathetic Activity

Front 6

The Effects on Beta 1 Receptors by Adrenergic Drugs

Back 6

Increased force of contraction, increase heart rate, increase conduction of cardiac electrical nerve impulses

Front 7

The Effects on Beta 2 Receptors by Adrenergic Drugs

Back 7

Produced relaxation as bronchodilation and uterus relaxation, increased glycogenolysis (glucose release)

Front 8

Adverse Effects of Adrenergic Drugs

Back 8

hypertension, necrosis, tachycardia/increased blood pressure, dysrhythmia, palpitations, agina

Front 9

Adverse Effects of Alpha Adrenergic Drugs

Back 9

Restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria, headache, unwanted CNS effects

Front 10

Adverse Effects of Beta Adrenergic Drugs

Back 10

Mild Tremors, headache, nervousness, and dizziness

Front 11

Phenylephrine

Back 11

This drug is used to produce vasoconstriction in regional anesthesia, raise blood pressure, and act as a decongestant, while also assisting patients in shock and control dysrhythmia. Comes as a nasal spray

(Alpha 1 Adrenergic)

Front 12

Dopamine

Back 12

Naturally occurring catecholamine neurotransmitter, affecting both Beta 1 and Alpha 1 receptors. Its not to be used with a patient suffering pheochromocytoma

Front 13

Dopamine

Back 13

Low dose of drug: Dilates blood vessels in brain, kidneys, heart, mesentery. Can assist patients in shock, heart failure, cardiopulmonary arrest, and acute renal failure.

High Dose: Vasoconstriction, increased cardiac contraction/output.

Front 14

Epinephrine

Back 14

This drug affects both Alpha 1 and Beta receptors in tissues, but is to be used in emergency situations only for cardiac life support protocols.

Front 15

Epinephrine

Back 15

Low Dose of Drug: Stimulates Beta 1 receptors, increases force of contraction/heart rate, useful for acute asthma/anaphylactic shock by dilating bronchi of Beta 2 receptors in lungs.

High Dose: Vasoconstriction, elevated blood pressure due to Alpha receptor stimulation

Front 16

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs

Back 16

Bind to Adrenergic receptors and inhibit or block stimulation (antagonists) of the sympathetic nervous system. Alpha versions work against norepinephrine or on noncompetitive process.

Front 17

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs Treat...

Back 17

Low blood pressure, low heart rate, constrict pupils or miosis, vasodilation (those suffering from Raynaud's Disease, acrocyanosis, and frost bite), counters epinephrine, reduction in smooth muscle tone in bladder and prostate

Front 18

Adrenergic Drugs Treat

Back 18

Nasal versions reduce nasal blood flow and congetsion. Ophthalmic (eye) versions relieve conjunctiva congestion, pressure, and dilation of pupils. Cardiovascular for patients with heart failure and shock.

Front 19

Adrenergic Blocking Drug Adverse Effects

Back 19

Orthostatic Hypotension, bradycardia, Nasal congestion, bronchoconstriction. Weight gain (2 pds in 24 hrs/ 5+pds in 1 week), dry mouth

Front 20

First Dose Phenomenon

Back 20

Side effect of Adrenergic Blocking Drugs that causes a sudden drop in blood pressure on first use.

Front 21

Phentolamine

Back 21

This drug is used to vasodilate blood vessels, treat and diagnosis hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma if bp drops significantly fast, and can counter the effects of epinephrine to avoid necrosis effect from vein leaking. It comes as an injectable.

Affects Alphas

Front 22

Tamsulosin

Back 22

This drug is used specifically for men for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) by blocking Alpha adrenergic receptors in the prostate/bladder and improve urinary flow. Not to be used with sildenafil (anti-erectile dysfunction).

Front 23

Side Effects of Tamsulosin

Back 23

Headaches, abnormal ejaculation, rhinitis, effects on calcium channel blockers, orthostatic hypotension

Front 24

Metroprolol

Back 24

This drug is used for myocardial infarction (heart attack) and hypertension. It should not be immediately stopped if needed (gradual decrease). If needed, hemodialysis can be used to counter overdose. May cause cardiogenic shock and heart block.

Front 25

Checking for some Side Effects of Adrenergic Blocking Drugs

Back 25

Assess Apical Pulse for 60 beats per minute or less.

Front 26

Adverse effects of Metroprolol

Back 26

atrioventricular block, bradycardia, dizziness

Front 27

Cholinergic Drugs

Back 27

Mimic effects of acetylcholine (ACh) by stimulating receptors, increasing gastric secretions, constricting pupils, decreasing intraocular pressuer, reducing heart rate, vasodilating, and bronchi constriction.

Front 28

Direct Acting Cholinergic Drug Agonists

Back 28

Bind to the cholinergic receptors, activating them

Bethanechol

Front 29

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Drug Agonists

Back 29

Inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme, causing acetylcholine break down, resulting in more acetylcholine available at receptors.

Donepezil

Front 30

Adverse Effects of Cholinergic Drugs

Back 30

Hypotension, Bradycardia, Diarrhea, Excessive Salivation, Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, urinary abnormality

Front 31

Indications of Cholinergic Effects

Back 31

Sludge: Salivation, lacrimination, urinary incontinence, Diarrhea, gastrointestinal cramps, emesis.

Front 32

Bethanechol

Back 32

This drug increases movement of the gastric intestinal system and bladder contents by relaxing and allowing emptiness. Treats overactive bladder, retains urine, treats symptoms of phenothaizine and tricyclic antidepressants. It should be avoided in patients with questionable GI/Bladder strength though. Take with food.

Front 33

Donepezil

Back 33

This drug is used to treat Alzheimer's disease by increasing concentration of acetylcholine in the brain through inhibiting cholinesterase. It shouldn't be used with drug allergies present, and may cause dizziness, fall risk, and improvements after 6+ weeks. To be taken with food.

Front 34

Cholinergic Blocking Drugs

Back 34

Blocks or inhibits acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system by competing for muscarinic receptors.

Front 35

Cholinergic Blocking Drug Treatments

Back 35

Increase heart rate, decrease salivation, sweat, and acid secretions, relax bronchi, decrease urinary bladder tone, decrease GI tract motility prior to surgery, treats motion sickness and Parkinson's disease

Patients should consume 40 grams of fiber and 8 glasses of water per day.

Front 36

Adverse Effects of Cholinergic Blocking Drugs

Back 36

Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, light sensitivity, confusion, hallucination, drowsiness

Front 37

Oxybutynin

Back 37

This drug is used to treat overactive bladder, but shouldn't be used if urinary and gastric retention and uncontrolled glaucoma is present. May come as a transdermal patch, and may cause excessive sweating. Heat stroke should be monitored for.

Front 38

Atropine

Back 38

This drug is used to treat bradycardia and ventricular asystole by increasing the heart rate of patients. Its more potent than scopolamine and can be used as an antidote for anti-cholinesterase.