Pharmacology Test 2

Front 1

Morphine

Back 1

Schedule II drug most often given orally and parenterally; onset of action occurs within 10 to 20 minutes of IV injection, 30 minutes of IM injection, and 60-90 minutes of Sub-Q injection; duration of action is 5 to 7 hours; dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired liver or kidney function. When given orally, relatively high dosages are required.

Front 2

Codeine

Back 2

Schedule II drug used for analgesic and antitussive effects (weaker therapeutic effects and adverse effects than Morphine); Injected drug is more effective than oral administration, but onset (15 to 30 minutes) and duration (4 to 6 hours) are the same for both methods

Front 3

Fentanyl (Duragesic)

Back 3

widely used for preanesthetic medication, postoperative analgesia, and chronic pain; the drug is deposited in the skin and slowly absorbed; slow onset (12 to 24 hours) but lasts for 72 hours; When patch is removed, drug continues to be absorbed for 24+ hours

Front 4

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

Back 4

derivative of morphine with same actions, uses, contraindications, and adverse effects as morphine; more effective orally than morphine because it is more potent per mg; onset of 15 to 30 minutes with a duration of 4 to 5 hours

Front 5

Meperidine (Demerol)

Back 5

similar to morphine in action and adverse effects; after injection, analgesia occurs in 10 to 20 minutes and lasts 2 to 4 hours; after oral dose, about half is metabolized in the liver and never reaches systemic circulation; neurotoxic metabolite (normeperidine) accumulates with chronic use, large doses, or renal failure and effects of the metabolite are not reversible with opioid antagonist drugs.

Front 6

Methadone

Back 6

used for severe pain & detoxification and maintenance therapy of opiate addicts; usually given orally; onset of 30-60 minutes and duration of 4-6 hours; duration increases with repeated use

Front 7

Oxycodone

Back 7

derivative of codeine used to relieve moderate pain; schedule II drug; oral administration, onset of action 15-30 minutes and duration of 4-6 hours. Extended release tablets also available, patients must be taught not to crush or chew these tablets

Front 8

Propoxyphene (Darvon)

Back 8

Although no more effective than aspirin or acetaminophen, this drug is a schedule IV drug of abuse; abused alone or with alcohol or other CNS depressants; chemically related to methadone; accumulation of its active metabolite produces serious adverse effects

Front 9

Tramadol (Ultram)

Back 9

for moderate to severe pain including acute or chronic pain, back pain, fibromyalgia, OA, neuropathy; may be used long-term; well tolerated in older adults but dosage should be reduced in people with renal or hepatic impairment; administered orally; onset within 1 hour

Front 10

Butorphanol (Stadol)

Back 10

schedule IV agonist used for moderate to severe pain; given parenterally or topically (via metered spray to oral mucosa); not recommended for children under 18

Front 11

Nalbuphine (Nubain)

Back 11

used for moderate to severe pain; given IV, IM, or Sub-Q; after IV action starts in 2-3 minutes and lasts 3-6 hours; after IM or sub-Q, action begins in <15 minutes and lasts 3-6 hours

Front 12

Naloxone (Narcan)

Back 12

opioid antagonist; used to treat respiratory depression caused by opioids; may be given by IV, IM, or sub-Q; action occurs within minutes but only lasts 1-2 hours so multiple injections may be needed

Front 13

Capsaicin

Back 13

derived from cayenne chili peppers; applied topically to relieve pain association with OA, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, postsurgical pain, & other pain. Effects last 4-5 hours and work best when applied 3-4 times per day.