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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two examples of a vfirst generation penC?
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G and V and Meth. They are narrow spectrums used often against strep.
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What is the MoA of cillins?
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Beta-lactam ring. Cell wall inhibitor.
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What are examples of second generation cillins?
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Amoxicillin and Ampicillin. Broader spectrum than first. Can be combined with beta-lactamase inhibitor.
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Third generation of cillins and examples?
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Even broader spectrum. have car in name. Mainly used for UTI.
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Fourth generation benefits/examples
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Monosodium salts. Mainly difficult to treat infections such as Kleb. Require parenteral admin,
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What are carbapenems/monobactams?
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Close to cillins. Broad spectrum. Must be given parentally.Impenem and aztreonam are examples.
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What is the ending and MoA of a cephalosporin?
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Same as cillins. ef, in, an.
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What are examples of first gen sporins?
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Keflex and Kefzol are most commonly used. Both gram +/-. Most often for ear, nose,throat and UTI.
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Second gen sporins?
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Mefoxin is example. Good for things resistant to cillin, broader spectrum and more potent.
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Third gen sporins?
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Broader spectrum and longer half life than previous generations. Cross BBB. Fortaz and omnicef are examples. Used for serious gram negative infections.
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What is a fourth generation sporin?
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Cefepime(maxipime). Similar to third generation. Broad spectrum. USed when there is resistance to third generation. Not PO.
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Name the following generations:
Mefoxin Fortaz Keflex |
second
third first |
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What is a common problem with all antibiotiques?
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GI problems. N/V/D and yeast infections.
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How do aminoglycocides work?
What is a common ending? |
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Broad spectrum, does not work for anarobic. Often administered with a cillin for serious infections. Often ends with cin.
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What are two serious side effects and how to watch for them.
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Oto and nephro toxicity. Can cause: albuminuria, oliguria. First sign of oto is ringing in the ears. PEak and trough levels commonly ordered.
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Can a pregnant women receive aminoglycocides?
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No. FDA has preg cat D.
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What are some common aminoglycocides? What are some serious side effects?
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Vancomycin, syrptomycin. Toxicity increases with multidrug administration like with diareutics. Neuromusclar blockade.
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How to tertacyclines work? What is the common ending?
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Broad spectrum. Bind reversely to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. + and -. Use has lead to some resistance. Often ends in cline.
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What conditions effect the absorption of tetracyclines?
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Anything containing calcium-dairy products. Should be taken on an empty stomach. Can be given PO, IM, IV.
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What are common conditions for which tetracyclines are indicated? Common side effetcs?
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RMSF, typhus, Cholera, Lyme's and Pylori. Side effects include general antibiotics, Photosensitivity.
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Can tertacyclines be given to pregnant women/children?
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NO, binds to calcium and can cause problems in teth and bone formation.
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What us a sulfonamide MoA? What us the name clue?
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Prevents synthesis of Folic acid and prevents bacterial growth. Often starts with a sulf.
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What is a common systemic reaction.
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Steven-Johnson's syndrome. Sulfa Rash.
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Clinical indications of Sulfa?
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Broad spectrum gram positive and negative.Used as an alternative for sporins and cillins.
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What is the MoA of macrolides?
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Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Bacteriostatic.
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Erythromycin. Class, use, side effects.
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Large spectrum, often used for ENT infections/LEgionares disease.PO. Enteric coated tablets.
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Azithromycin. Uses? Spectrum?
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Ear and upper resp. infections caused by HFLU. Once daily, long haf life.
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What is the MoA of Fluoroquinolone's? Spectrum?
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Inhibit gyrase-needed for DNA replication. Have broad spectrum against + and -.
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Cipro. Uses?
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Highest activity against G- such as anthrax and TB. Black box warning: Tendon rupture.
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What should be avoided when taking Fluoroquinolone's?
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Anything containing Iron, zinc and MG. Antacids.
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Flagyl. Uses? Spectrum? Side effects?
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Antimicrobial and anti-protizoic. Used for trich, Giardia, and Cdiff. Side effects include CNS dizziness and numbness and metallic taste.
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Vancomycin. Uses? Route? Side effects?
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Given IV as a last resort. Treats staph and enteroccal infections. Ototoxicty and nephrotoxity. Red man syndrome. Peak and trough commonly ordered.
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What drug cocktail is commonly used to treat TB?
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Isoniazid, Rifampin, and Ethambutol.
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What is Amphoyrticin B? Uses? MoA? Side effects?
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Amp-awful. Broad spectrum of antifungi. Binds to ergosterol a protein in cell wall. First line therapy. Side effects are flu-like and can be partially negated by tylenol before. Not for noninvasive.
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What are Azoles?
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Antifungal drugs used to treat systemic infections. Includes Diflucan.
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