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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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beta blockers should not be given to what type of patients?
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asthma pts and diabetics, because they cause bronchoconstriction and mask the effects of low blood sugar.
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voluntary movement is controlled by which branch of the nervous system?
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Somatic
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a drug that stimulates the system is called what?
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an agonist
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a drug that acts against the system is called what?
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an antagonist
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the sympathetic nervous system is also called what?
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adrenergic
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dopamine is a precursor for what chemicals?
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epinepherine and norepinepherine
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alpha 1 receptors cause what kind of reaction when stimulated?
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vasoconstriction
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alpha 2 receptors are found where?
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in the Central Nervous System
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Beta 1 receptors are found where?
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the heart
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beta 2 receptors are found where?
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the lungs and liver
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dopamine receptors are found where?
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in the kidney
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alpha adrenergic drugs have what effect on heart rate?
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they increase it
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cholinergic antagonists does what to the GU system?
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slows it down so the bladder doesn't empty
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adernergic agonists cause the pupils to do what?
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dilate
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parasympathetic antagonists do what to respiratory rates?
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increase rate and depth of breaths by causing bronchodilation
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what is the class of drugs that act as intense, short acting sympathetic stimulants called?
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catecholamines
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name three common catecholamines
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epinepherine, norepinepherine, and dopamine
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phenylepherine is used to stimulate which receptors?
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alpha 1 receptors
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dopamine acts on which receptors?
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beta 1 receptors
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beta 1 activation does what?
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increases heart activity
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alpha 1 activation works on what parts of the body?
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the arteries, causing vasoconstricton
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name three things dopamine is used for
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heart failure, shock, cardiac arrest
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terbutaline acts on what receptors?
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beta 2 receptors
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beta 2 stimulation has what effect on the body?
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it causes bronchodilation. its used for asthmatic distress.
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why is Fenoldopam considered an exception?
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it acts on the sympathetic nervous system, but it causes vasodilation when used in small doses.
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fenoldopam is used to treat what condition?
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shock or severe hypotension
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what is the side effect nurses have to be most aware of when giving Fenaldopam?
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rebound vasoconstriction
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alpha antagonists may cause what side effects?
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orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion and tachycardia. also sodium retention.
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drugs that end in -olol are what type of drugs?
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non selective beta blockers
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beta blockers are used for what effect on the body?
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decrease heart rate, lowering blood pressure.
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what are side effects of non selective beta blockers?
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bronchoconstriction, lower blood sugar and masking effect of low blood sugar.
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cardioselective beta blockers are best used for pts with what conditions?
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asthma and diabetes
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pts with hypertension AND asthma or diabetes should be treated with what class of drug?
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cardio selective beta blockers
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what are the main reason beta blockers are given?
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to manage:
cardiac dysrhythmias essential hypertension angina glaucoma |
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what side effects must be monitored with beta blockers?
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bradycardia, headache, change in LOC, hypoglycemia
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why is Clonidine considered an exception?
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even though it acts on the sympathetic nervous system, it causes decreased heart rate, lowering blood pressure.
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what are the two exceptions in regard to the sympathetic stimulators?
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Clonidine and Fenaldopam
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what is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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acetylcholine
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what are the two receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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nicotinic and muscurinic
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muscurinic receptors work on what parts of the body?
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blood vessels
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the parasympathetic nervous system is associated with which parts of the body?
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eyes, Gi tract and GU system
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parasympathetic drugs have what effect on blood vessels?
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vasodilation
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nicotinic receptors work on which part of the body?
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neurons and muscles
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parasympathetic drugs have what effect on respiration?
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they increase secretions and cause bronchoconstriction
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parasympathetic drugs cause the pupils to do what?
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constrict
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pilocarpine is used to treat what condition?
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glaucoma
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myasthenia gravis is treated by what kind of drugs?
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cholinergic
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cholinergic drugs do what to cardiac muscles?
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decrease contraction rate and contractility
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cholinergics have what effect on the GI and GU systems?
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increase motility
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cholinergics have what effect on the body's airways?
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bronchoconstriction
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cholinergics are used for what clinical purposes?
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to stimulate the GI tract, stimulate bladder emptying, glaucoma tx, and MG tx
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a beta 1 adrenergic blocker does what?
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slows the heart
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what are the effects of a cholinergic crisis?
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Salivation
Lacrimation Urinary Incontinence Diarrhea GI Cramping Emesis |
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what is the CV response to sympathetic stimulation?
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vasodilation
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what is the respiratory response to sympathetic stimulation?
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increased rate
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what is the GI response to sympathetic stimulation?
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decreased peristalsis
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what is the GU response to sympathetic stimulation?
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decreased activity
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what is the pupil's response to sympathetic stimulation?
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constriction
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what is the CV response to parasympathetic stimulation?
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normal
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what is the respiratory response to parasympathetic stimulation?
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respirations slow down (bronchoconstriction)
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what is the GI response to parasympathetic stimulation?
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peristalsis increases
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what is the GU response to parasympathetic stimulation?
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increase in output
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what is the pupils response to parasympathetic stimulation?
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normal or constricted
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define adrenergic agonist
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sympathetic response enhancer
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define beta adrenergic blocker
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sympathetic response blocker, parasympathetic response enhancer
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sympathetic stimulation has what effect on salivation?
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it causes dry mouth
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parasympathetic stimulation has what effect on salivation?
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it causes increased salivation
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epinepherine is used for what condition?
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anaphylaxis, and asthma
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phenylepherine is what class of drug?
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alpha 1 agonist
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phenylepherine is used for what conditions?
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vascular shock and nasal congestion
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Clonidine is what class of drug?
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alpha 2 agonist
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clonodine is used to treat what conditions?
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nicotine and heroin withdrawal, secondary for hypertension
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clonidine is usually administered how?
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transdermally
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dopamine is what class of drug?
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beta 2 agonist (catecholine)
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dopamine is used to treat what conditions?
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shock, heart failure & cardiac arrest
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Fenoldopam is used to treat what conditions?
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severe hypertension and shock
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Fenoldopam is what class of drug?
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dopaminergic agonist-
DA1 agonist (dopamine 1) |
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fenoldopam is administered how?
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by IV only
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what is a side effect of fenoldopam that needs to be closely monitored?
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rebound vasoconstriction
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prazosin is what class of drug?
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alpha 1 blocker
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prazosin is used to treat what condition?
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hypertension
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what consideration must be made when administering prazosin?
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1st doses may cause syncope
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propanolol is what class of drug?
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non selective beta blocker
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propanolol is used to treat what condition?
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hypertension and angina and irregular cardiac rhythms
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what is a side effect of propanolol that nurses must be aware of?
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it causes bronchoconstriction and hypoglycemia
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what class of drug is Pilocarpine?
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a cholinergic agonist
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pilocarpine is used for what conditions?
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open angle glaucoma
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what are side effects of Pilocarpine?
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hypertension and tachycardia
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what is the most severe possible side effect of Pilocarpine?
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cholinergic crisis
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nicotine is what class of drug?
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nicotinic stimulant
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Neostigmine is used to treat what?
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Myasthenia Gravis
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what is a serious side effect of Neostigmine?
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cholinergic crisis
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what drug is used as an antidote for cholinergic crisis?
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Atropine
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name a cholinisterase inhibitor
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neostigmine
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pilocarpine acts on what receptors?
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muscurinic
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