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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the categories of opthalmic agents? |
Enzymes, irrigating solutions, Viscoelastic agents, miotics, mydriatics & cycloplegics , ointments & lubricants, Anesthetics, antiglaucoma, anti-inflammatory agents, dyes |
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(Enzymes) Wydase: |
Increase rate& extent of anesthestic diffusion through tissue through nerve block |
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Irrigating Solutions? |
Balanced salt solutions (Bss): Cleanse operative site, keep cornea moist, 250-500ml bottles |
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Viscoelastics Agents? |
*Jelly like substances * Inject into ant. chamber during cataract extraction *Protect tissuse & creat sub, for vitreous humor * Healon,viscoat, Accucoat |
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Miotics? |
Contrict pupils (miosis): miochol, Miostat, Pilocarpine- topical * Reduce IOP * Laser, glaucoma, lensereimplannation |
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Mydriatics/cyloplegies? |
*Dilate Pupil *Paralytic agent |
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Ointments? |
Antibiotics/steroid to bradex |
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Whats the anatomy of the eye |
is a complex sense organ that recives visual stimuli and transmit signals the optic nerve to the brain for interpreation |
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What are miotics? |
Are medications that constrict the pupil by stimulating the sphincter muscle of the iris |
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What are both mydriatics and cyclopegics and what they do? |
Paralytic agents used to dilate the pupil prior to opthalmoscopy |
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What do (OVD) stand for? |
Ophthalmic viscosurgical device |
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What do Ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) do? |
is being used for viscoelastic agents because they are no longer considered as only medications used to maintain space and coat ocular tissues |
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Alpha - chymotrypsin is a ? |
Proteolytic enzyme |
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Glaucoma is a ? |
Term that referring to increased intracular pressure |
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Lubricants(duratears,lacrilube)? |
Protect cornea from dry and damage eye |
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Anesthestics |
* Topical :teracaine drops *Injectable: lidocaine, sensorcaine |
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Regional anesthestic? |
Retrobullbar block |
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Sensory motor block |
inject into optic nerve |
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Dyes? |
Color/mark tissue, abnormalities of cornea *Fl |
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Fluorescin sodium |
Corneal abrasion |
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Anti-inflammatory agents |
Betamethasone, dexamethasone |
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What is the value of females and males blood physiology? |
Females:12-16g/100ml males: 14-18g/100ml |
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Hemoglobin |
Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, that transports o2 and Co2 between lungs and cells |
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Whats the hematocrit % of females and males? |
Females: 37%-47% Males: 40%-54% |
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Indications for blood replacement: |
Hypovolemia: circulatory shock due to trauma and vascular procedures |
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Wb- |
Indicattioned only in cases in acute massive blood loss |
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Pack RBC |
Along with synethic volume expander, as effective as whole blood and less reaction |
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Plasma |
Clotting factors related needed |
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Platelets |
Large amts of donor blood has been used |
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Cryoprecipitate |
Clotting factors for hemophilla |
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Autologus donation |
Elective surgey- patient donates own blood usually 2 units |
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Autotransfusion |
Collecting processing and return of patients own blood |
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What are 3 blood substitutes? |
Albumin, dextran, heastarch |
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What are the procedures for blood replacement |
*Type and cross match the patient blood, *ID(wrist, requisition slip) *Both licensed personal circulator (RN) and anesthia provider- nurse and or anestheiology (MD) |
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What are the 2 major solutes? |
Electrolytes and non electroytes |
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Electrolyes: 3 purposes : |
3 purposes : hemostasis, controlling colume of body H2o and maintaining acid bases balance |
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What are the 3 objectives of IV Fluids (Parenteral fluid therapy) : |
*Maintain daily fluid replacements *Restore previous losses *Replace current losses |
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If there is to much sodium what is it called ? |
Hypernatremia |
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If there is too little sodium what is it called ? |
Hyponatremia |
