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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does natural penicillin come from?
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penicillium chrysogenum
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What is the antibacterial unit of penicillin?
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the intact B-lactam ring
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What are the four natural penicillins?
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Penicillin G
Benzathine penicillin Procaine Penicillin Penicllin V |
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What bugs do natural penicillins work best against?
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these are best against some Gram + bacteria
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What is the antimicrobial coverage for natural penicillins?
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Best against G+
some g- some anaerobics |
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What breaks down natural penicillins?
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B-lacatamase
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Do natural penicillins affect pesudomonus?
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No
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how are natural penicillins eliminated from the body?
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via the kidney
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What are the four penicillinase resistant penicillins?
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Nafcillin
Cloxacillin Oxacillin Methacillin |
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What bug are penicillianse resistant penicillins the drug of choice for treating?**
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Staph aureus*
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How do penicillinase resistant penicillins affect G+?
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these have a lower activity relative to penicillin G
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How do penicillinase resistant penicillins affect G-, and anareobic?
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these offer some coverage
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How are penicillinase resistant penicillins excreted?
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hepatic metaoblism, and renal excretion
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What are the two extended spectrum penicillins?
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Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
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What is the G+ coverage of extended spectrum penicillins?
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less than penicillin G
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What do extended spectrum penicillins cover very well?
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G- and Anaerobics
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What is the memnonic for extended spectrum penicillins?
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amoxicllin HELPSS kill enterococci
H. influenzae E coli Listeria Porteus Salmonella Shigella |
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What are extended spectrum penicillins resistant to?
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acid resistant, so they are ok for Oral use
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How are extended spectrum penicillins excreted?
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urinary excretion
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What are the four antipseduomonal penicillins?
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Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin Mezlocillin Pipercillin (all these seem to be related to car/plane names) |
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What are the major uses for antipseduomonal penicillins?
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pseudomonas aeruginoas (Duh)
also has the same range as extended spectrum (HELPSS enterococci, H influenzi, ecoli, listeria, proteus, shigella, salmonella) |
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What are antipseduomonal penicillins agents susceptible to?
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B-lacatamse AND acid
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How are antipseduomonal penicillins secreted?
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renal
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What is Unasyn?
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Ampicllin + Sulbactam
(extended spectrum + b-lactamase inhibitor) (extended spectrum covers G- HELPSS |
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What is Augmentin?
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Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
(extended spectrum+ lactamase inhibitor) |
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What os Zosyn?
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Piperacillin (antipseduomonal+ ES penicillin) and Tazobactam
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What is Timentin?
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Ticarcillin + clavulanic acid (antipseduomonal/ ES penicllin + B- lactamase inhibitor)
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What are the 3 bugs that penicillin G is best at destroying?
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Strept pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhea Clostridia |
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What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?
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batericidal
inhibits cross linking of cell wall, by inhibiting transpeptidation |
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What are the 3 ways bugs can be penicillin resistant?
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have B-lactamase
no cell wall (mycoplasma) non peptidoglycan wall (like chlamydia) |
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What causes bugs to be resistant to methicillin?
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alteration of the penicillin binding protein
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When are penicillins given orally?
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for minor infections, because they absorption isnt very good this way
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What bugs should NOT be treated with ORAL penicllin?
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syphilis, (IM injection)
subacute bacterial endocarditis actinomycosis |
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What is the best route for high does of Penicillin G?
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IV, because IM is painful
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Can you do intrathecal injections of penicillin G?
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no they are very irritating
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What is the longest lasting preparation of penicillin?
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Benzathine Penicillin G
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Do Penicillins penetrate the BBB?
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No they do not do well
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What can block the renal excretion of penicllin?
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Probenecid
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Do penicillins cross react and cross sensitize?
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yes they do!
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What type of penicllin is the most common cause of intersitial nephritis?
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methicillin
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What is the ampicillin rash?
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this happens to kids taking ampicillin/amoxicillin.
a dull red, maculopapular rash 3-14 days after therapy starting NOT ALLERGIC RXN |
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What is the risk of Carbenicillin?
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this has alot of Na+ in it, can cause cardiac/renal problems
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What is the side effect of extended spectrum penicillins? (ampicillin, amoxicillin)
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soft frothy stools and fiarrhea
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What is the dangerous side effect of extended spectrum penicillins?
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overgrowth of staph, pseduomonas, portus, yeast, cadndidia, fungi
Superinfection** |
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What is Azteronam?
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this is a monobactam, a monocyclic beta-lactam ring
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What is Azteronam most effective against?
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Gram - rods (pesudomonas and serratia)
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What does Azteronam have NO activity against?
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G+ or anaerobes
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Is Azteronam safe for people with penicillin allergies?
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yes it is
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What is imipenem?
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this is carbapenem antibiotic, and is an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
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What MUST be given with imipenem?
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cilastatin- a dehydropeptidase inhibitor
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What is the major risk with high dose imipenem?
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seizures
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What is ertapenem?
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this is a carbapenem, a cell wall inhibitor
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What is ertapenem very stable against?
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beta-lactamases
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What drugs are stable gainst penicillinase AND acid stable, for oral administration?
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Cloxacillin (anti staph)
Dicloacillin Nafcillin (anti staph) Oxacllin (anti staph) amoxicillin+clauvulanic acid (augmentin) |
