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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you get entamoeba histolytica ?
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contaminated food, water, or direct contact
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What is the infective form of entamoeba histolytica ?
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cysts
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What is the form of entamoeba histolytica found in the body?
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trophs
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What are the major symptoms of entamoeba histolytica infection?
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diarrhea and liver abscess formation
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How does Metronidazole work?
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this inhibits DNA replication
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how is Metronidazole given?
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oral mostly
can be parenterally |
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What metabolizes Metronidazole?
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the liver
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Wher in the body does Metronidazole go?
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everywhere including CSF
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What are the toxic effects of Metronidazole?
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Metallic taste
Disulfram effect Gi irritation |
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Who should not get Metronidazole?
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pregnancy in 1st trimester
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What is Tinidazole?
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this is similar to Metronidazole in action (inhibits cellular processes and DNA replication)
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What is Diloxanide Furoate used against?
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luminal trophs/cysts like E histolytica
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What is Diloxanide Furoate often combined with?
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metronidazole
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What are the side effects of Diloxanide Furoate ?
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flatulence, N/V/ itching
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What is Iodoquinol used against?
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luminal trophs and cysts of E histolytica
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How does Iodoquinol work?
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we dont know!
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what are the toxic effects of Iodoquinol?
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skin reactions, thyroid enlargement, HA
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What is Paromomycin used against?
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Luminal trophs/cysts of E histolytica
T. vaginalis |
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Is Paromomycin well absorbed?
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No it is not, thats why it is mainly luminal
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What drugs are the alternatives for metronidazole?
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Emetine and Dehydroemetine
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How are Emetine and Dehydroemetine given?
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SC or IM injection
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What are the serious side effects of Emetine and Dehydroemetine?
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cardio toxicity, GI upset, teratogenic
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What does Quinacine do?
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this binds DNA
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What bugs does Quinacine treat?
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G lamblia
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What are the advantages of Quinacine?
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cheap and oral administration
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What are the problems with Quinacine?
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more toxic than metro
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What does Furazolidone treat?
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Giardia
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How is Furazolidone given?
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Liquid preperation, which is good for kids
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What bugs to tetracyclines kill?
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E histolytica, and G lamblia - by destroying the bacteria that these require to live
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What is the DOC for pneumocystosis?
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Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
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What else is Bactrim effective against?
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toxoplasmosis
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How does Bactrim work?
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inhibits folate metabolism
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What are the adverse effects of Bactrim?
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rash, pruritis, cytopenia, elevated LFT's
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What is Leucovorin used for?
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this is a reduced form of folic acid, used to ofset the teratogenic effects of trimeothprim and pyrimethamine
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What does pentamidine work?
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inhibits DNA replication
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How is Pentamidine given?
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IM or nebulizer
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What does Pentamidine treat?
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P. jirovecii active infection
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what are the toxic effects of pentamidine?
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hypotension, arrhythmia, hypoglycemia
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What doe you give to pts with pneumocytosis who cant take bactrim?
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Atovaquone+proguanil
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What is the DOC for toxoplasmosis?
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Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
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What must be given with Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
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leucovorin (folinic acid)
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What bug should you give laxatives for?
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taenia solium
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What is Mebendazole given for?
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DOC for roundworm, whip worm, hookworm, pinworm, trichinosis
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How does mebendazole work?
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binds to tubulin, interferes with protein function
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Is Mebendazole well absorbed?
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no, only 10%
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What are the major side effects of Mebendazole?
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teratogenic, not for pregnancy
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What does Pyrantel Pamoate treat?
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roundworm, pinworm, hookwork
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How does Pyrantel Pamoate work?
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cholinesterase inhibitor. produces NMJ block in worm
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Is Pyrantel Pamoate well absorbed?
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not it is not
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What is the DOC for tapeworms?
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Niclosamide
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How does Niclosamide work?
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inhibits anaerobic oxidative phosphrylation in the worm
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How many doses of Niclosamide are needed?
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just one!
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What should be given with Niclosamide when treating T. solium?
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laxatives, to flush those eggs out before you get cysticercosis
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is Niclosamide effective against cysticercosis?
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No, it is not absorbed
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What treats Cysticercosis?
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Albenazole/mebendazole
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What is the DOC for shistosomes?
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Praziquantel
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What are the ONLY two drugs to treat neruocyscticercosis?
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Praziquantel or Albendazole
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How does Praziquantel work?
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increased Ca2_ permeability
leads to contraction and paralysis |
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Is Praziquantel well absorbed?
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yes it is
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What are the main side effect os Praziquantel?
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abdominal pain from release of dead worms proteins
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