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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do Alkylating agents work?
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alkylate DNA, cause miscoding/breakage/crosslinking
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What kind of drug is mechlorethamine?
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this is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent
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What are the side effects of mechlorethamine?
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N/V
hematologic toxicity gonadal supression |
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What happens after tumor destruction by mechlorethamine?
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hyperuricemia
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What kind of drug is Cyclophosphamide?
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this is an alkylating agent
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What activates Cyclophosphamide?
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p-450 system
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What are the toxic effects of Cyclophosphamide?
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immunosuppression
alopecia hemorrhagic cystitis SIADH |
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Does Cyclophosphamide damage tissue @ injection site?
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no it does not
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What does chlorambucil do?
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this is a slow acting alkylating agent
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What does chlorambucil treat?
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leukemia, myeloma, autoimmune diseases
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What does Thiotepa treat?
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bladder cancer
breast/ovary cancer |
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What does Busulfan treat?
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CML
may lead to hyperuricemia |
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How do Nitrosoureas work?
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kill in all phases, inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis
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What does Carmustine do?
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nitrosourea, inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis
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Where in the body can Carmustine go?
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lipid soluble, can go to brain tumors
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What does Carmustine cause delayed suppression of?
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myelosuppression
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What kind of drug is Lomustine? What does it do?
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this is a nitrosourea
lipid soluble- good for brain tumors/melanoma/GI |
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What kind of drug is Streptozocin? What does it do?
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this is a nitrosourea
selective for B-islet cells |
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What does Cisplatin do?
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crosslinks DNA
sensitizes cells to rads |
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What kind of cancers is Cisplatin good with?
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epithelial cancers, broad spectrum
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What are the toxic effects of Cisplatin?
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acoustic nerve damage
renal tox anaphylaxis |
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What diseases is Mechlorethamine best used for?
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hodgkins
non-hodgkins CLL |
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What diseases is cyclophsphamide used for?
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everything
immunosuppression kid cancers |
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What diseases is busulfan used for?
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CML
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What is Carmustine used for?
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brain tumors
myelomas melanomas GI |
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What is Cisplatin used for?
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GU
head/neck lung |
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How does methotrexate work?
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inhibits dihydrofolate reductase,
blocks DNA/RNA/ protein synthesis |
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What drug bypasses the blockade of methotrexate?
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Leucovorin
used to reduced toxicity |
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what is the method of resistance to methotrexate?
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decreased uptake, increased amount of enzyme
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What are the uses for methotrexate?
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ALL
choriocarcinoma lymphomas breasts/head/neck/ovary/bladder osteosarcoma immunosuppressive |
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What are the toxic effects of methotrexate?
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precipitates in renal tubules*
GI myelosuppression Alopecia pulmonary inflammation treatogenic/sterile |
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What enzymes converts purine analogues into nucelotides?
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HGPRT
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How do purine analogues work?
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inhibit synthesis of DNA and RNA
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What metabolizes 6-Mercaptopurine?
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xanthine oxidases
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What drug increases effectiveness of 6-Mercaptopurine?
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Allopurinol
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what does 6-Mercaptopurine treat?
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leukemias
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What are the toxic effects of 6-Mercaptopurine?
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bone marrow depression
jaundice |
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What does 5-Fluorouracil do?
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this inhibits thymidylate synthase- blocks DNA synthesis
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What phase of cell cycle does 5-Fluorouracil affect?
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G1 and S phases
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What drug can increase response to 5-Fluorouracil?
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leucovorin
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What types of tumors does 5-Fluorouracil treat?
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solid tumors
topical for basal cell carcinomas |
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How does cytarabine work?
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this competes with dCTP
terminates chain in DNA synthesis |
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What phase does cytarabine work?
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S phase
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What does cytarabine treat?
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acute myelogenous leukemia
ALL |
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How do antibiotics works as antineoplastics?
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intercalate and bind to DNA
block topoisomerase II block DNA replication |
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How does Daunorubicin work?
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this intercalates into DNA in S phase
generates free radicals |
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what are the adverse effects of Daunorubicin?
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caridotoxic
red urine GI, N/V Alopecia |
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What conditions does Daunorubicin treat?
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leukemias
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What is Doxorubicin used for?
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widely used- lymphoma, sarcoma, breast etc
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What is the toxicity of Docorubicin?
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cardiotoxic
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How does Bleomycin work?
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directly damages DNA
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What part of cell cycle does Bleomycin work best?
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G2 and M
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How is Bleomycin given?
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Oral or into bladder
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What cancers does bleomycin treat?
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testicular and ovarian
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What is the major toxicity of Bleomycin? (* was boards question)
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Pulmonary fibrosis
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How does Dactinomycin work?
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binds DNA between C-G, causes strand breaks. stops RNA synthesis
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What kinds of cells does Dactinomycin affect?
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proliferating cells
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What types of tumors does Dactinomycin affect?
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wilms tumor
rhabdomyosarcoma choriocarcinoma immunosuppressive |
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What are the toxic effects od Dactinomycin?
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radiation recall
vesicant myelosuppresion alopexia |
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How does Vincristine work?
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binds to tubulin in M phase
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What does Vincristine treat?
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leukemia, Hodgkins/ non hodkgin lymphoma
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What are the toxic effects of Vincristine?
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neurotoxic
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How does Vinblastine work?
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binds to tubulin in M phase
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What does Vinblastine treat?
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testicular cancer
hodgkins kaposis |
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What are the toxic effects of Vinblastine?
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myelosuppression
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How does Paclitaxel work?
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binds tubulin/microtubulin- arrest mitosis
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What is Paclitaxel used for?
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advanced cancers GU/ head/neck
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What are the side effects of Paclitaxel?
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peripheral neuropathy
myalgia arthralgia hypersensitivity |
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How does Etoposide work?
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causes DNA strand breaks
topoisomerase II |
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What does Etoposide treat?
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testicular cancer
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What does Topotexan do?
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cell cycle arrest and DNA damage.
topoisomerase I |
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What does topotecan treat?
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ovarian cancers
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What does Asparaginase treat?
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ALL
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How does interferon alfa 2a work?
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decreases tumor cell proliferation
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What diseases does interferon alfa 2a treat?
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hairy cell leukemia
kaposis sarcoma condylomata acuminata |
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What are the toxic effects of interferon alfa 2a
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flu like symptoms
CNS depression alopecia |
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What does IL-2 do?
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this causes T cell response to tumor cells
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What is IL-2 used to treat?
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malignant melanoma
renal cell cancer |
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What are toxic effects of IL-2?
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shock stuff
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What does giving G-CSF do?
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prevent or reverse neutroenia
improves tolerance for antineoplastics |
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What does Tamoxifen do?
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Estrogen receptor antagonist in breast and Agonist in uterus /bone
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What are the toxic effects of Tamoxifen?
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may cause uterine hyperplasia
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What is raloxifene?
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selective estrogne receptor modulator.
blocks estrogen in breast and uterus promotes estrogen effect in bone |
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What does Trastuzumab do?
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HER2 antibody
treats HER2+ cancers |
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What does Imatinib do?
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inhibits BCR-ABL fusion protein
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What does Imatinib treat?
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CLM 9:22
philadelplia cream cheese |
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What kind of drug is Ondansetron (Zofran)
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5-HT3 antagonist, antiemetic
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What drugs cause radiation recall?
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dactinomycin, hydroxurea
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What drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis?
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bleomycin, busulfan
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What does cause neuropathy?
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vincristine, vinblastine
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What drugs cause hyperuricemia?
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mercaptopurine, busulfan
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What drug causes renal problems and acoustic nerve damage
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Cisplatin
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What drug causes red urine?
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daunorubicin (rubicin...red!)
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What drug causes cystitis?
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cyclophosphamide
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What drugs cause cardiomyopathy?
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doxorubicin, daunorubicin
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How do you prevent cystitis with cyclophosphamide?
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Mesna
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How do you prevent tinnitus from cisplatin?
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hydration
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What drugs are best for brain tumors?
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carmustine and lomustine
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