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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H1 blockers:
Mechanism |
Reversible inhibitors of H1 receptors
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H1 blockers (1st generation): Name the drugs
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Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate Chlorpheniramine |
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H1 blockers (1st generation):
Clinical uses Toxicity |
Clinical use:
-allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid Toxicity: -sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic |
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H1 blockers (2nd generation):
Name the drugs |
Loratidine
Fexofenadine Desloratadine |
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H1 blockers (2st generation):
Clinical uses Toxicity |
Clinical Use: allergy
Toxicity: less sedating than 1st generation H1 blockers |
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Isoproterenol:
Use Adverse effect |
Nonspecific beta agonist
Asthma: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta 2) Adverse effect: Tachycardia (beta 1) |
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Albuterol
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Beta 2 agonist
Asthma: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta 2) For acute exacerbation |
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Salmeterol
Use Adverse effect |
Beta 2 agonist
Asthma: long-acting agent for prophylaxis Adverse: tremor, arrythmia |
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Theophylline:
Use Mechanism Toxicity |
Asthma: A methylxanthine
Mech: Likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (decreases cAMP hydrolysis) Narrow Therapeutic Index: cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity |
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Methylxanthine (e.g. Theophylline) Toxicity:
-Sxs |
abd pain, vomit, diarrhea
cardiac arrhythmia (no QT prolongation) SEIZURES (great morbidity and mortailty |
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Methylxanthine (e.g. Theophylline) Toxicity:
-Tx/Rx |
Gastric lavage, then activated charcoal (decrease absorption) and cathartics (increase GI elimination).
Beta-blockers for cardial tachyarrythmia. Benzos for seizures. |
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Ipratropium:
Use Mechanisms |
Asthma: A muscarinic antagonist
-Competitive block of muscarinic receptors -Prevents bronchoconstriction |
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Cromolyn:
Use Mechanisms |
Asthma PROPHYLAXIS: prevents release of mediators from MAST cells (not for acute attack)
- Toxicity rare |
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Beclomethasone, Prednisone
Use Mechanisms |
CHRONIC Asthma: Corticosteroids (1st line tx)
Mech: -Inhibits synthesis of virtually all cytokines -Inactivate NF-kappaB (transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha, etc.) |
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Zileuton:
Use Mechanism |
Asthma:
-A 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor -Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to Leukotrienes |
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Zafirlukast, Montelukast:
Use Mechanism |
Asthma: antileukotrienes
- Block Leukotriene Receptors - Esp good for ASPIRIN-induced asthma |
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Guaifenesin (Robitussin):
Use Mechanism |
An expectorant
- removes excess sputum - large doses necessary - doesn't suppress cough reflex |
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N-acetylcystine:
Use Mechanism |
An expectorant
- Mucolytic - Can loosen mucus plugs in CF patients |
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Bronchoconstriction:
Promoters Inhibiters |
Promoted by ACh & Adenosine
Inhibited by Theophylline & muscarinic antagonists |
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Bronchodilation:
Promotor/Mechanism |
Promoted by increased cAMP
- beta agonists induce AC activity - theophylline inhibits PDE activity (phosphodiesterase) |
